General Chemistry knowledge Flashcards
Define solid to liquid
fusion (melting)
define liquid to gas
vaporization
define gas to liquid
condensation
define liquid to solid
crystallization
define solid to gas
sublimation
define gas to solid
deposition
In fusion is heat absorbed or released?
absorbed
What group is soluble? Plus what other compound?
Group I (alkali metals) + Ammonium (NH4)
What polyatomic ion salts are soluble?
Nitrate (NO3-), perchlorate (ClO4-), and acetate (C2H3O2-)
What metal ions are insoluble?
Ag+ (silver), lead (Pb2+, Pb4+), mercury (Hg2+)
solubility of solid in liquid tends to _________ in increasing T
increase
solubility of gas in liquid tends to ___________ in increasing T
Decrease
solubility of gas in liquid tends to ___________ in increasing P
increase
According to Bronsted-Lowry, acids are ________ and bases are _______
Acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors
According to Lewis, acids are ___________ bases are ___________
acids are electron acceptors and bases are electron donors
Name the 6 common strong acids
HI (hydrogen iodide), HBr (hydrogen bromide), HCl (hydrochloric acid), HClO4 (perchloric acid), H2SO4 (sulfuric acid), HNO3 (nitric acid)
Name the common strong bases
Group 1 hydroxides (ex: NaOH), Group 2 oxides (ex: Li2O), Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ca(OH)2 look at their location on periodic table, metal amides (ammonia but with something else, ex: NaNH2)
Define polyprotic and give an example
Acid that has more than one proton to donate (ex: H2CO3)
Define amphoteric and give an example
can be a conjugate base but can also be an acid and donate another H - always the result of a weak polyprotic acid
