General Chemistry Flashcards
Where are protons found?
Within the nucleus
What is the equation for protons?
e=1.6 x 10^-19 C
What is the mass of a proton?
1 atomic mass unit (AMU)
What is an atomic number?
The number of protons found in an atom of that element. It is a unique identifier for elements based on the # of protons they have
Do all atoms have the same atomic number and the same mass?
All atoms of a given element have the same atomic number but different mass
What is the charge of a neutron?
Neutral, no charge
What is the mass of a neutron?
Slightly larger than the proton, but together, the protons and the neutrons of the nucleus make up almost the entire mass of an atom
How do we calculate the mass number of an atom?
Protons + Neutrons within the nucleus
What are isotopes?
c
How do you find the number of neutrons an atom has?
Mass number - atomic number
What makes an isotope more abundant and stable?
For lighter elements, a 1:1 ratio is common. For heavier elements, a higher neutron-to-proton ratio is required
How can you differentiate the difference between a lighter and a heavier element on the periodic table?
Light elements are found at the top of the periodic table and high elements are found at the bottom of the periodic table.
What is the charge of an electron
Negative
Are electrons closer to the nucleus at lower energy levels and vise versa?
Yes. Electrons closer to the nucleus are at lower energy levels while those that are further out have higher energy
What electrons have the strongest interactions because they are the farthest from the nucleus?
Valence electrons because they are more likely to become involved in bonds with other atoms
What do valence electrons determine?
the reactivity of an atom
Whats the difference between a cation and an anion?
Cation (+)
Anion (-)
What is the symbol, relative mass, charge and location of the proton, neutron, and electron?
P= p+, 1, +1, nucleus
N= n^0, 1, 0, nucleus
E= e-, 0, -1, orbitals
Is it true that atomic number = protons = electrons always?
true
When there are charges involved when trying to find the protons, neutrons, and electrons, they affect neutrons ONLY?
WRONG! Electrons ONLY. If the charge is negative, add to the electrons, and if it is positive, subtract from the electrons
whats the main difference between atomic mass and atomic weight?
Atomic weight is what you see on the periodic table, and atomic mass is specific to each isotope
Whats the purpose of avogadro’s number?
to determine how many particles are in 1 mole of a substance. 6.022 x 10^23.
How do I use avogadro’s number to find molecules (mass to particles)
- Convert mass to moles (mass/molar mass)
- Convert moles to particles (moles times avogadros number)
How do I use avogadro’s number to find mass (particles to mass)
- Convert particles to moles (particles/avogadro’s number)
- Convert moles to mass (moles times molar mass)
