General Chemistry

Question 1

Proton

Answer 1

positive charge
mass around 1 amu

Question 2

Neutron

Answer 2

no charge
mass around 1 amu

Question 3

Electron

Answer 3

negative charge
negligible mass

Question 4

What subatomic particles are in the nucleus?

Answer 4

protons and neutrons, electrons move around the nucleus

Question 5

Atomic number:

Answer 5

number of protons in an element

Question 6

mass number:

Answer 6

sum of an elements protons and neutrons

Question 7

atomic mass:

Answer 7

equal to mass number; sum of an elements protons and neutrons

Question 8

Isotopes:

Answer 8

atoms of a given element with the same atomic number that have different mass numbers; differ in number of neutrons

Question 9

3 isotopes of hydrogen:

Answer 9

protium, deuterium, and tritium

Question 10

atomic weight:

Answer 10

weighted average of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element

Question 11

Rutherford:

Answer 11

atom has a dense, positively charged nucleus that made up only a small fraction of the volume of an atom

Question 12

Bohr model of the atom:

Answer 12

a dense, positively charged nucleus is surrounded by electrons revolving around the nucleus in orbits with distinct energy levels

Question 13

quantum

Answer 13

described by Planck, energy difference between energy levels

Question 14

Quantization:

Answer 14

there is not an infinite range of energy levels available to an electron; electrons can only exist at certain energy levels. The energy of an electron increase the farther it is from the nucleus

Question 15

Atomic absorption spectrum:

Answer 15

for an electron to jump from a lower energy level to a higher one, it must absorb an amount of energy equal to the energy difference between the two levels

Question 16

atomic emission spectrum:

Answer 16

when electrons return from the excited state to the ground state, they emit an amount of energy that is equal to the energy difference between the two levels

Question 17

quantum mechanical model:

Answer 17

electrons do not travel in defined orbits but rather are localized in orbitals; a region of space around the nucleus

Question 18

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Answer 18

it is impossible to know both an electrons position and its momentum at exactly the same time

Question 19

4 quantum numbers:

Answer 19

n- principle, describes average energy of shell
l- azimuthal, describes sub shells within a given principal energy level
ml- magnetic, specifies the particular orbital within a sub shell where an electron is likely found
ms- spin, indicates the spin orientation of an electron in an orbital

Question 20

Hund’s rule

Answer 20

how electrons fill orbitals
sub shells with multiple orbitals fill electrons so that every orbital in a sub shell gets one electron before any of them gets a second

Question 21

Paramagnetic vs diamagnetic

Answer 21

-have unpaired electrons that align with magnetic fields, attracting the material to a magnet
-have all paired electrons, repelled by magnets

Question 22

Valence electrons:

Answer 22

electrons in the outermost shell available for interaction (bonding) with other atoms