General Chemistry

Question 1

Formal Charge

Answer 1

FC = (Valence electrons) - 1/2(bonding electron pairs) - (lone pair electrons)

Question 2

Percent Yield

Answer 2

Percent yield = ((actual mass of desired product) / (theoretical mass of desired product)) * 100

Question 3

Keq

Answer 3

Keq = (k in the forward direction) / (k in the reverse direction)

Question 4

Kc

Answer 4

Kc = ([C]^c[D]^d) / ([A]^a[B]^b)

reaction at equilibrium

Question 5

Q

Answer 5

Q = ([C]^c[D]^d) / ([A]^a[B]^b)
reaction at any time

Question 6

Q > Kc

Answer 6

Reaction favors reactants.

Question 7

Q < Kc

Answer 7

Reaction favors products.

Question 8

Q = Kc

Answer 8

Reaction is at equilibrium.

Question 9

Heat (Q)

Answer 9

Q = mc(deltaT)

Question 10

Enthalpy of Reaction

Answer 10

delta(H)reaction = delta(H)products - delta(H)reactants OR
delta(H)reaction = delta(H)bonds broken - delta(H) bonds formed

Question 11

Gibbs Free Energy

Answer 11

delta(G) = delta(H) - Tdelta(S)

Question 12

Gibbs Free Energy of a Reaction (Formation)

Answer 12

delta(G)reaction = delta(G)products - delta(G)reactants

Question 13

Gibbs Free Energy of a Reaction

Answer 13

delta(G)reaction = delta(G)prime of reaction + RT(ln(Q))

Question 14

Gibbs Free Energy of a Reaction at Equilibrium

Answer 14

delta(G)reaction = -RT(ln(Keq))

Question 15

van der Waals equation

Answer 15

(P + ((an^2) / V^2))(V - nb) = nRT

Question 16

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

Answer 16

Pgas = (Xgas)(Ptotal)

Question 17

Boyle’s Law

Answer 17

PV = constant

Question 18

Charles’s Law

Answer 18

V/T = constant

Question 19

Gay-Lussac’s Law

Answer 19

P/T = constant

Question 20

Molality

Answer 20

molality (m) = (moles of solute) / (kilograms of solvent)
mol/kg

Question 21

Molarity

Answer 21

Molarity (M) = (moles of solute) / (liters of solution)
mol/L

Question 22

Raoult’s Law

Answer 22

P = (XA)(PA)

Question 23

Boiling Point Elevation

Answer 23

delta(Tb) = i(Kb)m

Question 24

Freezing Point Depression

Answer 24

delta(Tf) = i(Kf)m

Question 25

Osmotic Pressure

Answer 25

Nu = iMRT

Question 26

Arrhenius Equation

Answer 26

k = Ae^(-E0 / RT)

Question 27

Reaction Rate

Answer 27

rate = k[A]^x[B]^y

Question 28

Ionization Constant of Water

Answer 28

Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = 1 x 10^-14 at 25 degrees Celsius

Question 29

pH

Answer 29

pH = -log[H3O+]

Question 30

pH and pOH

Answer 30

pH+pOH = 14

pKa + pKb = 14

Question 31

pOH

Answer 31

pOH = -log[OH-]

Question 32

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

Answer 32

pH = pKa + log([A-] / [HA])

Question 33

Equivalence Point of a Titration

Answer 33

a(Ma)(Va) = b(Mb)(Vb)

Question 34

Standard Cell Potential

Answer 34

Ecell(prime) = Ecathode - Eanode

Question 35

Nernst Equation

Answer 35

Ecell = Ecell(prime) - (0.059 / n)logQ

Question 36

Electroplating

Answer 36

nF = It

Question 37

Gibbs Free Energy of an Electrochemical Cell

Answer 37

delta(G)prime = -nFEcell(prime)

Question 38

molar volume of ideal gas at 25 C

Answer 38

24.4 L

Question 39

Ksp

Answer 39

Ksp = [atom][atom2]

i.e. Ksp of CaCO3 = [Ca2+][CO3^2-]

Question 40

Hess Law

Answer 40

deltaH = mole#(deltaHf) + mole#(deltaHf) +… (for all molecules in a reaction)

Question 41

At STP, how many L is 1 mol?

Answer 41

molar volume is 22.4L/mol = 22.4 L