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General Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is the defining characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus enclosed by a nuclear membrane.

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2
Q

True or False: Eukaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.

A

False

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the control center of eukaryotic cells.

A

nucleus

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4
Q

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?

A

mitochondria

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5
Q

What structure provides support and shape to eukaryotic cells?

A

cell membrane and cytoskeleton

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6
Q

Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis?

A

ribosomes

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7
Q

True or False: All eukaryotic cells have a cell wall.

A

False

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8
Q

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

It synthesizes proteins and lipids.

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9
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of eukaryotic cell? A) Plant B) Animal C) Bacteria D) Fungi

A

C) Bacteria

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ packages and distributes proteins within the cell.

A

Golgi apparatus

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11
Q

What is the role of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

A

They digest waste materials and cellular debris.

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12
Q

True or False: Chloroplasts are found in animal cells.

A

False

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13
Q

What role do peroxisomes play in eukaryotic cells?

A

They break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances.

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14
Q

Which part of the eukaryotic cell contains the genetic material?

A

nucleus

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15
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following structures is involved in cell division? A) Ribosome B) Centriole C) Golgi apparatus D) Chloroplast

A

B) Centriole

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is a jelly-like substance that fills the cell.

A

cytoplasm

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17
Q

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

A

To regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

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18
Q

True or False: Eukaryotic cells can be unicellular or multicellular.

A

True

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19
Q

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

A

chloroplasts

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20
Q

What is the role of the cytoskeleton?

A

It provides structural support and aids in cell movement.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape.

A

cytoskeleton

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22
Q

What is the function of vacuoles in eukaryotic cells?

A

They store nutrients, waste products, and help maintain turgor pressure.

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23
Q

Multiple Choice: What is the primary component of the cell membrane? A) Nucleic acids B) Proteins C) Phospholipids D) Carbohydrates

A

C) Phospholipids

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24
Q

True or False: Eukaryotic cells can have multiple nuclei.

A

True

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25
What is the function of the nucleolus?
It is involved in the production of ribosomes.
26
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the outer layer of plant cells that provides additional support.
cell wall
27
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
mitochondria
28
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT found in eukaryotic cells? A) Ribosomes B) Nucleus C) Plasmids D) Mitochondria
C) Plasmids
29
What is the role of the plasma membrane?
To protect the cell and control the movement of substances.
30
True or False: Eukaryotic cells have circular DNA.
False
31
Fill in the blank: The _____ synthesizes lipids and detoxifies drugs in the cell.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
32
What is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
It is studded with ribosomes and synthesizes proteins.
33
Multiple Choice: Which structure is responsible for modifying and sorting proteins? A) Ribosome B) Golgi apparatus C) Lysosome D) Nucleus
B) Golgi apparatus
34
True or False: The cytoplasm includes all the organelles in the cell.
True
35
What is the main function of the cell wall in plant cells?
To provide structure and protection.
36
Fill in the blank: The _____ are small structures that synthesize proteins in the cell.
ribosomes
37
Which organelle is involved in detoxifying harmful substances?
peroxisomes
38
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton? A) Energy production B) Structural support C) Photosynthesis D) Protein synthesis
B) Structural support
39
True or False: Eukaryotic cells can communicate with each other through chemical signals.
True
40
What is the primary role of the nucleoid region?
It contains the genetic material in prokaryotic cells, not eukaryotic cells.
41
Fill in the blank: The _____ helps in the formation of the spindle fibers during cell division.
centrosome
42
What is the primary function of chloroplasts?
To conduct photosynthesis.
43
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is known for its role in apoptosis? A) Mitochondria B) Nucleus C) Ribosome D) Golgi apparatus
A) Mitochondria
44
True or False: Eukaryotic cells can reproduce through binary fission.
False
45
What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
To synthesize and process proteins.
46
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
nuclear envelope
47
What is the significance of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?
It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion.
48
Multiple Choice: Which structure is responsible for the synthesis of ATP? A) Chloroplast B) Mitochondria C) Ribosome D) Nucleus
B) Mitochondria
49
True or False: The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis.
True
50
What is the primary function of lysosomes?
To digest and break down waste materials.
51
Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic cells have _____ chromosomes.
linear
52
What is the function of the plasma membrane's phospholipid bilayer?
To create a barrier that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment.
53
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of vacuoles in plant cells? A) Protein synthesis B) Storage C) Energy production D) Photosynthesis
B) Storage
54
True or False: The cytoskeleton is static and does not change.
False
55
What is the role of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?
They are the sites of protein synthesis.
56
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a large organelle that contains enzymes for digestion.
lysosome
57
What is the function of the nucleoplasm?
It is the gel-like substance within the nucleus.
58
Multiple Choice: Which of the following organelles is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances? A) Golgi apparatus B) Lysosome C) Peroxisome D) Ribosome
C) Peroxisome
59
True or False: Eukaryotic cells can only be found in multicellular organisms.
False
60
What structure is responsible for the movement of substances across the cell membrane?
Transport proteins
61
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a network of membranes involved in lipid and protein synthesis.
endoplasmic reticulum
62
What is the primary function of the cell wall in fungi?
To provide structure and protection, primarily made of chitin.
63
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA? A) Nucleus B) Ribosome C) Golgi apparatus D) Mitochondria
A) Nucleus
64
True or False: The cell membrane is permeable to all substances.
False
65
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in relation to ribosomes?
It provides a surface for ribosomes to synthesize proteins.
66
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a structure that helps in cell division by organizing spindle fibers.
centrosome
67
What is the role of the plasma membrane in cell signaling?
It contains receptors that can receive signals from other cells.
68
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a eukaryotic organism? A) Escherichia coli B) Saccharomyces cerevisiae C) Streptococcus C) Bacillus subtilis
B) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
69
True or False: Mitochondria have their own DNA.
True
70
What is the primary function of the cytoplasm?
To provide a medium for chemical reactions and house organelles.
71
Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic cells typically contain _____ organelles.
membrane-bound
72
What is the role of the nuclear envelope?
To protect the nucleus and regulate the passage of materials in and out.
73
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP? A) Chloroplasts B) Mitochondria C) Ribosomes D) Golgi apparatus
B) Mitochondria
74
True or False: The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of carbohydrates.
True
75
What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?
To modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for transport.
76
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.
chloroplast
77
What is the function of the cell membrane's cholesterol?
To maintain fluidity and stability of the membrane.
78
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a structure found in plant cells but not in animal cells? A) Mitochondria B) Cell wall C) Ribosomes D) Nucleus
B) Cell wall
79
True or False: The cytoskeleton is only present in eukaryotic cells.
True
80
What is the main role of vacuoles in animal cells?
They are smaller and involved in storage and transport.
81
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a double membrane that surrounds the mitochondria.
inner membrane
82
What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
To synthesize lipids and detoxify drugs.
83
Multiple Choice: Which of the following organelles is involved in the degradation of cellular waste? A) Lysosome B) Ribosome C) Golgi apparatus D) Mitochondria
A) Lysosome

Physiology (2 decks)

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