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General Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is the defining characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus enclosed by a nuclear membrane.

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2
Q

True or False: Eukaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.

A

False

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the control center of eukaryotic cells.

A

nucleus

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4
Q

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?

A

mitochondria

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5
Q

What structure provides support and shape to eukaryotic cells?

A

cell membrane and cytoskeleton

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6
Q

Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis?

A

ribosomes

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7
Q

True or False: All eukaryotic cells have a cell wall.

A

False

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8
Q

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

It synthesizes proteins and lipids.

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9
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of eukaryotic cell? A) Plant B) Animal C) Bacteria D) Fungi

A

C) Bacteria

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ packages and distributes proteins within the cell.

A

Golgi apparatus

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11
Q

What is the role of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

A

They digest waste materials and cellular debris.

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12
Q

True or False: Chloroplasts are found in animal cells.

A

False

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13
Q

What role do peroxisomes play in eukaryotic cells?

A

They break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances.

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14
Q

Which part of the eukaryotic cell contains the genetic material?

A

nucleus

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15
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following structures is involved in cell division? A) Ribosome B) Centriole C) Golgi apparatus D) Chloroplast

A

B) Centriole

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is a jelly-like substance that fills the cell.

A

cytoplasm

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17
Q

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

A

To regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

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18
Q

True or False: Eukaryotic cells can be unicellular or multicellular.

A

True

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19
Q

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

A

chloroplasts

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20
Q

What is the role of the cytoskeleton?

A

It provides structural support and aids in cell movement.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape.

A

cytoskeleton

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22
Q

What is the function of vacuoles in eukaryotic cells?

A

They store nutrients, waste products, and help maintain turgor pressure.

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23
Q

Multiple Choice: What is the primary component of the cell membrane? A) Nucleic acids B) Proteins C) Phospholipids D) Carbohydrates

A

C) Phospholipids

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24
Q

True or False: Eukaryotic cells can have multiple nuclei.

A

True

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25
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

It is involved in the production of ribosomes.

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26
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the outer layer of plant cells that provides additional support.

A

cell wall

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27
Q

Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

A

mitochondria

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28
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT found in eukaryotic cells? A) Ribosomes B) Nucleus C) Plasmids D) Mitochondria

A

C) Plasmids

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29
Q

What is the role of the plasma membrane?

A

To protect the cell and control the movement of substances.

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30
Q

True or False: Eukaryotic cells have circular DNA.

A

False

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31
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ synthesizes lipids and detoxifies drugs in the cell.

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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32
Q

What is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

It is studded with ribosomes and synthesizes proteins.

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33
Q

Multiple Choice: Which structure is responsible for modifying and sorting proteins? A) Ribosome B) Golgi apparatus C) Lysosome D) Nucleus

A

B) Golgi apparatus

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34
Q

True or False: The cytoplasm includes all the organelles in the cell.

35
Q

What is the main function of the cell wall in plant cells?

A

To provide structure and protection.

36
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ are small structures that synthesize proteins in the cell.

37
Q

Which organelle is involved in detoxifying harmful substances?

A

peroxisomes

38
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton? A) Energy production B) Structural support C) Photosynthesis D) Protein synthesis

A

B) Structural support

39
Q

True or False: Eukaryotic cells can communicate with each other through chemical signals.

40
Q

What is the primary role of the nucleoid region?

A

It contains the genetic material in prokaryotic cells, not eukaryotic cells.

41
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ helps in the formation of the spindle fibers during cell division.

A

centrosome

42
Q

What is the primary function of chloroplasts?

A

To conduct photosynthesis.

43
Q

Multiple Choice: Which organelle is known for its role in apoptosis? A) Mitochondria B) Nucleus C) Ribosome D) Golgi apparatus

A

A) Mitochondria

44
Q

True or False: Eukaryotic cells can reproduce through binary fission.

45
Q

What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

To synthesize and process proteins.

46
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.

A

nuclear envelope

47
Q

What is the significance of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

A

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion.

48
Q

Multiple Choice: Which structure is responsible for the synthesis of ATP? A) Chloroplast B) Mitochondria C) Ribosome D) Nucleus

A

B) Mitochondria

49
Q

True or False: The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis.

50
Q

What is the primary function of lysosomes?

A

To digest and break down waste materials.

51
Q

Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic cells have _____ chromosomes.

52
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane’s phospholipid bilayer?

A

To create a barrier that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment.

53
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of vacuoles in plant cells? A) Protein synthesis B) Storage C) Energy production D) Photosynthesis

A

B) Storage

54
Q

True or False: The cytoskeleton is static and does not change.

55
Q

What is the role of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

A

They are the sites of protein synthesis.

56
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is a large organelle that contains enzymes for digestion.

57
Q

What is the function of the nucleoplasm?

A

It is the gel-like substance within the nucleus.

58
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following organelles is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances? A) Golgi apparatus B) Lysosome C) Peroxisome D) Ribosome

A

C) Peroxisome

59
Q

True or False: Eukaryotic cells can only be found in multicellular organisms.

60
Q

What structure is responsible for the movement of substances across the cell membrane?

A

Transport proteins

61
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is a network of membranes involved in lipid and protein synthesis.

A

endoplasmic reticulum

62
Q

What is the primary function of the cell wall in fungi?

A

To provide structure and protection, primarily made of chitin.

63
Q

Multiple Choice: Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA? A) Nucleus B) Ribosome C) Golgi apparatus D) Mitochondria

A

A) Nucleus

64
Q

True or False: The cell membrane is permeable to all substances.

65
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in relation to ribosomes?

A

It provides a surface for ribosomes to synthesize proteins.

66
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is a structure that helps in cell division by organizing spindle fibers.

A

centrosome

67
Q

What is the role of the plasma membrane in cell signaling?

A

It contains receptors that can receive signals from other cells.

68
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a eukaryotic organism? A) Escherichia coli B) Saccharomyces cerevisiae C) Streptococcus C) Bacillus subtilis

A

B) Saccharomyces cerevisiae

69
Q

True or False: Mitochondria have their own DNA.

70
Q

What is the primary function of the cytoplasm?

A

To provide a medium for chemical reactions and house organelles.

71
Q

Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic cells typically contain _____ organelles.

A

membrane-bound

72
Q

What is the role of the nuclear envelope?

A

To protect the nucleus and regulate the passage of materials in and out.

73
Q

Multiple Choice: Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP? A) Chloroplasts B) Mitochondria C) Ribosomes D) Golgi apparatus

A

B) Mitochondria

74
Q

True or False: The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of carbohydrates.

75
Q

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

To modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for transport.

76
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

A

chloroplast

77
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane’s cholesterol?

A

To maintain fluidity and stability of the membrane.

78
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a structure found in plant cells but not in animal cells? A) Mitochondria B) Cell wall C) Ribosomes D) Nucleus

A

B) Cell wall

79
Q

True or False: The cytoskeleton is only present in eukaryotic cells.

80
Q

What is the main role of vacuoles in animal cells?

A

They are smaller and involved in storage and transport.

81
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is a double membrane that surrounds the mitochondria.

A

inner membrane

82
Q

What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

To synthesize lipids and detoxify drugs.

83
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following organelles is involved in the degradation of cellular waste? A) Lysosome B) Ribosome C) Golgi apparatus D) Mitochondria

A

A) Lysosome

Physiology (2 decks)

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