General Biology Study Guide INTRO TO CHEMISTRY Flashcards

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1
Q

ATOM

A

A BASIC UNIT OF MATTER THAT CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN BY NORMAL CHEMICAL REACTIONS.

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2
Q

ELECTRONS

A

A NEGATIVELY CHARGED PARTICLE THAT RESIDES OUTSIDE OF THE NUCLOUS IN THE E- ORBITAL, LACKS FUNCTION AND MASS AND HAS A CHARGE OF -1

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3
Q

PROTONS

A

A POSITIVELY CHARGED PARTICLE THAT RESIDES IN THE NUCLOUS OF AN ATOM AND HAS A CHARGE OF +1.

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4
Q

NEUTRONS

A

A PARTICLE WITH NO CHARGE THAT RESIDES IN THE NUCLEOUS OF AN ATOM; HAS A MASS OF 1

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5
Q

KINETIC ENERGY

A

THE ENRGY OF MOTION

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6
Q

POLART MOLECULE

A

A MOLECULE WHERE ONE END IS SLIGHTLY NEGATIVE CHANRGES AT ONE END AND SLIGHTLY POSITIVE CHARGES AT THE OTHER END.

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7
Q

HYDROPHOBIC

A

DOES NOT LIKE WATER

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8
Q

HYDROPHILLIC

A

LOVES WATER

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9
Q

SOLVENT

A

A SUBSSTANCE CAPABLE OF DISSOLVING ANOTHER SUBSTANCE

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10
Q

SOLUTE

A

THE SUBSTANT THAT DISSOLVES INTO THE SOLVENT.

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11
Q

SURFACE TENSION

A

THE CHOESIVE FORCE AT THE SURFACE OF THE BODY OF LIQIUD THAT PREVENTS MOLECULES FROM SEPERATING.

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12
Q

pH

A

A SCALE RANGING FROM 0-14 MEASURES THE APPROXIMATE CONCENTRATE OF HYDROGEN IONS OF A SUBSTANCE

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13
Q

CONCENTRATION

A

THE RELATIVE AMOUNT OF A GIVEN SUBSTANCE CONTAINED WITHIN A SOLUTION OR A PARTICULAR VOLUME OR SPACE.

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14
Q

I MOLE=

A

6.023MOLE

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15
Q

WHAT ARE THE COMMON ELEMENTS IN BIOLOGY

A

CARBON
OXYGEN
HYDROGEN
NITROGEN
SULFUR &
PHOSPHOROUS

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16
Q

CONCENTRATION

A

THE RELATIVE AMOUNT OF A GIVEN SUBSTANCE CONTAINED WITHIN A SOLUTION OR IN A PARTICULAR VOLUME OR SPACE.

17
Q

WHICH SUBATOMIC PARTICLE DEFINES THE ATOM?

A

PROTONS, NEUTRONS, & E-

18
Q

WHICH SUBATOMIC PARTICLE FACILITATES BONDING BETWEEN ATOMS

A

E-

19
Q

EXPLAIN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE KINETIC ENERGY OF MOLECULES OR ATOMS IN BOTH A SYSTEM AND TEMPERATURE.

A

THE HIGHER THE TEMPERATURE THE FASTER THE MOLECULES WILL MOVE.

20
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 BONDS BETWEEN ATOMS OR MOLECULES?

A

COVALENT
IONIC
HYDROGEN
van der WAALS ATTRACTIONS

21
Q

LIST THE 4 BONDS IN ORDER BY STRANGTH

A

COVALENT
IONIC
HYDROGEN
van der WAALS ATTRACTIONS

22
Q

HOW DO E- INTERACT WITH THE 4 BONDS?

A

COVALENT - ATOMS SHARE E-
IONIC - E- ARE TRANSFERED FROM ONE ATOM TO ANOTHER
HYDROGEN - THEY ARE INTERMOLECULAR FORCES, NOT TRUE CHEMICAL BONDS. THEY OCCUR BTW MOLECULES, NOT WITHIN THEM

23
Q

WHAT IS AN ION?

A

AT ATOM OR COMPOUND THAT DOES NOT CONTAIN AN EQUAL NUMBER OF PROTONS AND E- AND HAS A NET CHARGE.

24
Q

WHAT ARE HYDROGEN BONDS?

A

*INTERACTIONS INVOLVING H+ BONDS LOCATED BTW A PAIR OF OTHER ATOMS WITH A HIGH INFINITY FOR E-
*THE SHARE E- WITH THE DONOR ATOM RESULTING IN A SLIGHTLY POSITIVE CHARGE

25
Q

EXPLAIN WHAT IT MEANS WHEN SOMEONE SAYS, “WATER IS A POLAR MOLECULE.”

A

THEY ARE REFERRING TO THE UNIQUE ARRANGEMENT OF THE ATOMS IN A WATER MOLECULE. THE + AND - CHARGES ARE UNEVENLY DISTRIBUTED WITHIN THE MOLECULE. IT HAS 2 H+ IONS CONNECTED TO ONE OXYGEN CONNECTED BY 2 POLES ON THE DIAGRAM WITH INDICATES IT IS “POLAR.”

26
Q

WHY IS WATER A GOOD SOLVENT?

A

ARE THERE ANY SUBSTANCES THAT WATER CAN’T DISSOLVE? IT IS DUE TO ITS POLARITY AND ABILITY TO FORM H+ BONDS.

27
Q

BE ABLE TO CLEARLY RELATE PH AND HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION

A

pH STANDS FOR POWER OF HYDROGEN
THE CONCENTRATION OF H+ IONS IN A SOLUTION DETERMINES ITS ACIDITY OR BASICITY OF A SOLUTION.

28
Q

WHAT EXACTLY DOES A pH OF 4 MEAN?

A

IT MEANS THAT IT IS ACIDIC

29
Q

WHAT IMPACT DOES CHANGING pH HAVE ON PROTEINS

A

IT SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCES THE STRUCTURE AND BEHAVIOR OF THE PROTEINS EVEN TO THE POINT WHERE THE PROTEINS BECOME DENATURED, LOSE IT’S 3-D STRUCTURE ALL OF ITS FUNCTIONS AND DOES NOT WORK ANY LONGER.

30
Q

WHAT ARE BUFFERS? WHAT DO THEY DO? WHY ARE THEY IMPORTANT?

A

BUFFERS NEUTRALIZES H+ IONS & HYDROXIDE IONS OH-. THEY CAN ABSORB EXTRA H+. THEY HELP TO MAINTAIN A MORE STABLE pH.

31
Q
A