General Biology Study Guide INTRO TO CHEMISTRY

Question 1

ATOM

Answer 1

A BASIC UNIT OF MATTER THAT CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN BY NORMAL CHEMICAL REACTIONS.

Question 2

ELECTRONS

Answer 2

A NEGATIVELY CHARGED PARTICLE THAT RESIDES OUTSIDE OF THE NUCLOUS IN THE E- ORBITAL, LACKS FUNCTION AND MASS AND HAS A CHARGE OF -1

Question 3

PROTONS

Answer 3

A POSITIVELY CHARGED PARTICLE THAT RESIDES IN THE NUCLOUS OF AN ATOM AND HAS A CHARGE OF +1.

Question 4

NEUTRONS

Answer 4

A PARTICLE WITH NO CHARGE THAT RESIDES IN THE NUCLEOUS OF AN ATOM; HAS A MASS OF 1

Question 5

KINETIC ENERGY

Answer 5

THE ENRGY OF MOTION

Question 6

POLART MOLECULE

Answer 6

A MOLECULE WHERE ONE END IS SLIGHTLY NEGATIVE CHANRGES AT ONE END AND SLIGHTLY POSITIVE CHARGES AT THE OTHER END.

Question 7

HYDROPHOBIC

Answer 7

DOES NOT LIKE WATER

Question 8

HYDROPHILLIC

Answer 8

LOVES WATER

Question 9

SOLVENT

Answer 9

A SUBSSTANCE CAPABLE OF DISSOLVING ANOTHER SUBSTANCE

Question 10

SOLUTE

Answer 10

THE SUBSTANT THAT DISSOLVES INTO THE SOLVENT.

Question 11

SURFACE TENSION

Answer 11

THE CHOESIVE FORCE AT THE SURFACE OF THE BODY OF LIQIUD THAT PREVENTS MOLECULES FROM SEPERATING.

Question 12

pH

Answer 12

A SCALE RANGING FROM 0-14 MEASURES THE APPROXIMATE CONCENTRATE OF HYDROGEN IONS OF A SUBSTANCE

Question 13

CONCENTRATION

Answer 13

THE RELATIVE AMOUNT OF A GIVEN SUBSTANCE CONTAINED WITHIN A SOLUTION OR A PARTICULAR VOLUME OR SPACE.

Question 14

I MOLE=

Answer 14

6.023MOLE

Question 15

WHAT ARE THE COMMON ELEMENTS IN BIOLOGY

Answer 15

CARBON
OXYGEN
HYDROGEN
NITROGEN
SULFUR &
PHOSPHOROUS

Question 16

CONCENTRATION

Answer 16

THE RELATIVE AMOUNT OF A GIVEN SUBSTANCE CONTAINED WITHIN A SOLUTION OR IN A PARTICULAR VOLUME OR SPACE.

Question 17

WHICH SUBATOMIC PARTICLE DEFINES THE ATOM?

Answer 17

PROTONS, NEUTRONS, & E-

Question 18

WHICH SUBATOMIC PARTICLE FACILITATES BONDING BETWEEN ATOMS

Answer 18

E-

Question 19

EXPLAIN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE KINETIC ENERGY OF MOLECULES OR ATOMS IN BOTH A SYSTEM AND TEMPERATURE.

Answer 19

THE HIGHER THE TEMPERATURE THE FASTER THE MOLECULES WILL MOVE.

Question 20

WHAT ARE THE 4 BONDS BETWEEN ATOMS OR MOLECULES?

Answer 20

COVALENT
IONIC
HYDROGEN
van der WAALS ATTRACTIONS

Question 21

LIST THE 4 BONDS IN ORDER BY STRANGTH

Answer 21

COVALENT
IONIC
HYDROGEN
van der WAALS ATTRACTIONS

Question 22

HOW DO E- INTERACT WITH THE 4 BONDS?

Answer 22

COVALENT - ATOMS SHARE E-
IONIC - E- ARE TRANSFERED FROM ONE ATOM TO ANOTHER
HYDROGEN - THEY ARE INTERMOLECULAR FORCES, NOT TRUE CHEMICAL BONDS. THEY OCCUR BTW MOLECULES, NOT WITHIN THEM

Question 23

WHAT IS AN ION?

Answer 23

AT ATOM OR COMPOUND THAT DOES NOT CONTAIN AN EQUAL NUMBER OF PROTONS AND E- AND HAS A NET CHARGE.

Question 24

WHAT ARE HYDROGEN BONDS?

Answer 24

*INTERACTIONS INVOLVING H+ BONDS LOCATED BTW A PAIR OF OTHER ATOMS WITH A HIGH INFINITY FOR E-
*THE SHARE E- WITH THE DONOR ATOM RESULTING IN A SLIGHTLY POSITIVE CHARGE

Question 25

EXPLAIN WHAT IT MEANS WHEN SOMEONE SAYS, “WATER IS A POLAR MOLECULE.”

Answer 25

THEY ARE REFERRING TO THE UNIQUE ARRANGEMENT OF THE ATOMS IN A WATER MOLECULE. THE + AND - CHARGES ARE UNEVENLY DISTRIBUTED WITHIN THE MOLECULE. IT HAS 2 H+ IONS CONNECTED TO ONE OXYGEN CONNECTED BY 2 POLES ON THE DIAGRAM WITH INDICATES IT IS “POLAR.”

Question 26

WHY IS WATER A GOOD SOLVENT?

Answer 26

ARE THERE ANY SUBSTANCES THAT WATER CAN’T DISSOLVE? IT IS DUE TO ITS POLARITY AND ABILITY TO FORM H+ BONDS.

Question 27

BE ABLE TO CLEARLY RELATE PH AND HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION

Answer 27

pH STANDS FOR POWER OF HYDROGEN
THE CONCENTRATION OF H+ IONS IN A SOLUTION DETERMINES ITS ACIDITY OR BASICITY OF A SOLUTION.

Question 28

WHAT EXACTLY DOES A pH OF 4 MEAN?

Answer 28

IT MEANS THAT IT IS ACIDIC

Question 29

WHAT IMPACT DOES CHANGING pH HAVE ON PROTEINS

Answer 29

IT SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCES THE STRUCTURE AND BEHAVIOR OF THE PROTEINS EVEN TO THE POINT WHERE THE PROTEINS BECOME DENATURED, LOSE IT’S 3-D STRUCTURE ALL OF ITS FUNCTIONS AND DOES NOT WORK ANY LONGER.

Question 30

WHAT ARE BUFFERS? WHAT DO THEY DO? WHY ARE THEY IMPORTANT?

Answer 30

BUFFERS NEUTRALIZES H+ IONS & HYDROXIDE IONS OH-. THEY CAN ABSORB EXTRA H+. THEY HELP TO MAINTAIN A MORE STABLE pH.