General biology I

Question 1

Nervous System separated into?

Answer 1

Separated into peripheral and central nervous systems.

Question 2

Central system separated by

Answer 2

Brain and spinal cord. Only kind of neurons found here are interneurons

Question 3

Cerebrum

Answer 3

Biggest part of brain, separated into left and right cerebral hemispheres

Question 4

Brainstem

Answer 4

Connects cerebrum to spinal cord. Top part of brainstem is called mid brain. Part below mid brain is pons. Part below pons is medulla

Question 5

Last part of brain

Answer 5

Cerebellum

Question 6

Last part of brain

Answer 6

Cerebellum

Question 7

Mid brain

Answer 7

Part of brain after cerebrum

Question 8

Mid brain

Answer 8

Part of brain before

Question 9

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 9

Consisted of nerves and ganglions

Question 10

Function of nerves

Answer 10

Carry axons of neurons

Question 11

Function of ganglion

Answer 11

Lumps attached to nerves that contain somas of neurons.

Question 12

Information Transfer from peripheral to central

Answer 12

Axons in peripheral nervous system carry information to the central nervous system. These are called afferent neurons. Travel through the spinal roots in the back.

Question 13

Information travel from central to peripheral

Answer 13

Efferent neurons carry information away from central nervous system. Travel in the spinal nerve roots in the front.

Question 14

Peripheral system divided into 2. First is Cranial Nerves.

Answer 14

Nerves that exit skull, and come out of the brain

Question 15

Peripheral system divided into 2. First is Cranial Nerves.

Answer 15

Nerves that exit skull, and come out of the brain and pass through the skull on their way between the central nervous system and the periphery. 12 pairs of cranial nerves

Question 16

Spinal nerves

Answer 16

Coming out of the spinal cord and passing through the spine on their way between the central nervous system and the periphery. 31 pairs of spinal nerves. Form from spinal nerve roots. Spinal nerve roots come together, and are called mixed nerves. They have mix of afferent and efferent neutrons.

Question 17

Peripheral nervous system has what kind of neurons?

Answer 17

Motor neurons and sensory neurons

Question 18

PNS is split into?

Answer 18

Autonomic and Somatic Nervous systems. Autonomic is split into sympathetic and parasympathetic system.

Question 19

Motor neurons

Answer 19

Neurons that carry electrical signal to muscles, organs, glands, etc. They leave spinal cord from front side (ventral side). Target organ is called the effector, and motor neurons are called efferent neurons.

Question 20

Sensory neurons

Answer 20

Neurons that receive electrical signals from receptor and carry them to other neurons. Also called afferent neutrons, and enter the spinal cord from the back side (dorsal side)

Question 21

Interneurons

Answer 21

Majority of the neurons in body are interneurons. They connect other neurons.

Question 22

Nucleus

Answer 22

Refers to a collection of cell bodies (neurons) in the central nervous systems

Question 23

Ganglia

Answer 23

Group of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 24

Kinds of neurons in autonomic system.

Answer 24

Preganglionic neurons and postganglionic neurons.

Question 25

Preganglionic Neurons

Answer 25

Neurons that begin at the central nervous system and extend into ganglia of the peripheral nervous system.

Question 26

Postganglionic Neurons

Answer 26

Cells that synapse with Preganglionic neutrons coming from the central nervous system. These neurons extend to the effector organs

Question 27

Forebrain consists of telencephalon and diencephalon

Answer 27

Telencephalon consists of Cerebrum, hippocampus and basal ganglia.

Question 28

Cerebrum

Answer 28

Consists of left and right hemispheres that are separated by the corpus callosum. Outermost portion of cerebrum consists of grey matter known as central cortex. This plays a role in memory and thought processes.

Question 29

Hippocampus

Answer 29

Found below the cerebrum and is part of the limb if system and plays a role in memory.

Question 30

Basal Ganglia

Answer 30

Collection of neurons located at the base of the forebrain that play a role in controlling voluntary motion.

Question 31

Second part of forebrain is Diencephalon

Answer 31

Contains thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 32

Thalamus

Answer 32

Plays role of secretary. It relays sensory signals to the cerebrum for processing and integration.

Question 33

Hypothalamus

Answer 33

Regulates endocrine system via the pituitary gland.

Question 34

Midbrain

Answer 34

Being In between forebrain and hindbrain, the midbrain relays auditory and visual information as well as controlling eye movements.

Question 35

Hindbrain is split into metencelhalon and myencephalon. First part is metencephalon.

Answer 35

Metencephalon contains pons and cerebellum.

Question 36

Cerebellum

Answer 36

Responsible for controlling motor movement, it doesn’t initiative movement, but it coordinated the precision and timing of the movement. Alcohol affects the cerebellum.

Question 37

Cerebellum

Answer 37

Responsible for controlling motor movement, it doesn’t initiative movement, but it coordinated the precision and timing of the movement. Alcohol affects the cerebellum.

Question 38

Pons

Answer 38

Found in front of the cerebellum and relays signals from the forebrain to the cerebellum

Question 39

Myencephalon

Answer 39

Contains medulla oblongata. It is connected to the spinal cord and regulates respiration and the respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure. Regulates autonomic/involuntary functions.

Question 40

Spinal cord is broken down into how many parts?

Answer 40

Spinal cord is broken down into 4 segments. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral.

Question 41

How does signalling work in the spinal cord?

Answer 41

Accepts signals from the PNS, and sends them to the brain and vice Versa. It can also participate in its own simple reflex arc.

Question 42

Somatic nervous system

Answer 42

Responsible for innervating and controlling skeletal muscle. This means it controls voluntary movement.

Question 43

Motor neurons

Answer 43

Dendrites and cell body of motor neuron originate in the spinal cord. Once signal is picked up by dendritic, it sends the Action potential through the axon and to the axon terminal. Somatic motor neurons always end at the effector (target) muscle. Neurons use acetylcholine to initiate the muscle contraction.

Question 44

Sensory neurons

Answer 44

Receptors pick up stimuli from environment and transforms into electrical signal by sensory neurons. These neurons carry the signal via a single axon directly to the spinal cord.