General Biology Flashcards
Saliva produced by _______ begins the process of chemical digestion
Salivary gland
Is a mascular tube that transport food from the mouth to the stomach through rhythmic called _______
Esophagus
Peristalsis
Is a muscular organ that further breaks down food through mascular contractions and mixes it with gastric juice
Stomach
Is a long coiled tube where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients occur
Small intestine
3 parts of small intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
ileum
The 1st part of the small intestine
Connected to the stomach
Duodenum
Second/ middle part of small intestine. Thick and wide
Jejunum
3rd part of small intestine, connected to the large intestine, thinner and narrower than jejunum
Ileum
Also known as colon / ascending colon
Large intestine
Intestine that absorb water and electrolyte from undigested food, forming _____.
Large intestine
Has multiple functions, including producing bile which helps in digestion and absorption of fats it also detoxifies harmful substances, store nutrients and produces certain blood proteins
Livers
Stores and concentrate bile by liver.
It releases bile into the small intestine to aid in fat digestion
Gallbladder
Produces digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates protein and fat.
Pancreas
Produces insulin and glucagon hormones involved in regulating blood sugar levels
Pancreas
Lower part of the large intestine where feces are stored before elimination
Rectum
An opening through which feces are expelled from the body during the process of ______.
Defecation
Each playing a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients from the food we consume
Main parts of the digestive system
Major constituents of organic plant material
Assimilation of oxidation reduction reaction
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Cell wall synthesis, enzymatic reaction and metabolic pathways, mitotic activity for root development
Boron
Water splitting system for photosystem II, stornatal opening regulation
Chlorine
Structural component of the cell wall and cell membrane, counter counter-ion in the vacuole
Calcium
Co-factor for metalloproteins and enzymes, photosynthetic electron transport, cell wall mes
signalling, oxidative stress response.
Copper
Regulatory component of proteins and metabolites in roots and leaves
Iron
Chlorophyll synthesis, cofactor in activation of ATPase
Magnesium
Hatodestruction of chlorophyll and chloroplast structure; enzyme activator, precursor of (auxins) and fironins
Manganese
Enzyme activation, chlorophyll synthesis
Molybdenum
Endosperm development and dehydrogenase activity, urease activation for urea breakdown root nodule growth
Nickel
General plant growth of roots, stem, leaf, flowers and fruits, chlorophyll synthesis
Nitrogen
Energy transferring process for photosynthesis and respiration (ADP-ATP synthesis), structural
Phosphorus
Cell extension and stomatal regulation, enzyme activation, photosynthetic activity.
Potassium
Enzymatic function and reactivity, stem elongation, protein and starch synthesis
Zinc
Assimilation of oxidation-reduction, participales in various enzymatic processes
Sulfur
It also houses beneficial bacteria that aid in the final breakdown of undigested food forming _______
Large intestine
Feces
Is very important to maintain healthy living
Proper nutrition
Is any substance which our body absorbs in order for us to gain energy
Food
It provides us material to grow, maintenance and repairs of body tissues
Food
Plants need , _____, _______, ________, to make carbohydrates in their bodies
Water
Carbon dioxide
Sunlight
Basic nutrients
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Obtained in air and water
Basic nutrients
Macro nutrients
•primary
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium
Supplied through fertilizer
Primary nutrients
Macro nutrients
•Secondary
Calcium
Magnesium
Manganese
Macro nutrients
•Secondary
Calcium
Magnesium
Manganese
Micronutrients: minor or traced elements
Iron
Manganese
Copper
Zinc
Chlorine
Boron
Molybdenum
Nickel
