General Bible Flashcards
Ten Commandments
• Ex. 20:1-17; Deut. 5:6-21
• Preface: I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery.
1. You shall have no other gods before me.
2. You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. You shall not bow down to them or serve them.
3. You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain.
4. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.
5. Honor your father and your mother.
6. You shall not murder.
7. You shall not commit adultery.
8. You shall not steal.
9. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.
10. You shall not covet.
Where in the New Testament would you find the law summarized (2 references)?
Matt. 22:37-40; Mark 12:28-31
Outline the Reformed understanding of covenant
The covenant of works is the covenant God made with Adam before the fall, in which he promised life to Adam and his posterity on the condition of personal and perfect obedience (Gen. 2:15-17; 3:16-19; Hos. 6:7).
• Through Adam’s first transgression all mankind fell into a state of sin and misery, and so we are unable to obtain life by the covenant of works (Gen. 3:16-19; Rom. 5:12 (sin); 1 Cor. 15:21-22).
• Therefore, the Lord was pleased to make a second covenant, called the covenant of grace, in which he freely offers sinners life and salvation by grace through faith in Jesus Christ (Gen. 3:15; Heb. 8 (esp. vv. 8-12); 15:6; Rom. 3:23-25; Eph. 2:8-9; Jer. 31:31-34).
• God progressively instituted the covenant of grace through the proto-euangelion of Gen. 3:15, and his covenants with Noah (Gen. 8:20-9:17), Abraham (Gen. 12:1-3; 15:1-21; 17:1-14), Moses (Ex. 19-24), David (2 Sam. 7:1-17), and culminating in the new covenant (Jer. 31:31-34; Heb. 8:8-12).
What are some biblical principles of interpretation?
- The Analogy of Faith
- Grammatical-Historical
- Covenant Theology
The Analogy of Faith
The infallible rule of interpretation of Scripture is the Scripture itself. Therefore, when there is a question about the true and full meaning of any Scripture (which is not manifold, but one), it must be searched and known by other passages that speak more clearly.
Grammatical-Historical Exegesis
Biblical interpretation entails discovering the original
meaning of the text that the author intended to communicate to his audience. This requires
study in the following areas:
o The Biblical Languages: vocabulary, grammar and syntax
o Genre: sets up shared expectations between the author and audience, requiring unique
rules of interpretation
o Literary Context: immediate, within the book, and within the entire Bible / history of
redemption
o Historical and Cultural Background
Major historical events and their impact
The cultural setting, life conditions, and worldview of the author and audience
Geographic conditions
o The Author: biographical information, relationship to the audience, and knowledge of
his other writings
Covenant Theology
Teaches that the biblical covenants are organically related to one
another, and form the basic framework for interpreting redemptive history.
o Stresses the unity of Scripture and the continuity between the OT and NT:
Continuity of the covenant of grace (same way of salvation in the Old and
New Testaments).
Continuity of the people of God (Israel and the Church).
Continuity of the covenant signs (circumcision and baptism).
How does the Hebrew Bible name and arrange the books of the OT?
The Law, the Prophets and the Writings
o The Law (Torah) = Pentateuch
o The Prophets = Historical and Prophetic Books
The Former Prophets = Historical Books
The Latter Prophets = Prophetic Books
o The Writings = Psalms and Wisdom (Poetic Books)
What does the word “Pentateuch” mean? By what other titles is the Pentateuch known, and why?
• “Pentateuch” is Latin for “5 books.”
• The Pentateuch is also known as:
o The Books of Moses: he was their primary author
o The Books of the Law: a significant portion of the Pentateuch contains the law that
God gave to Israel
o The Torah: this is the Hebrew word for “law”
Pre-exilic Books
o Joshua o Judges o Ruth o 1 & 2 Samuel o 1 & 2 Kings o 1 & 2 Chronicles
Post-exilic Books
o Ezra
o Nehemiah
o Esther
How do we know that God’s relationship with Adam was a covenant?
• Hosea 6:7 explicitly describes God’s relationship with Adam as a covenant.
• Gen. 1-2 contains several key elements typically found in covenantal documents.
o Preamble: Introduces Yahweh as the sovereign Creator and King (1:1-27) and Adam
as the willing vassal under His rule (1:28-31).
o Statement of Obligations: Adam is the steward over God’s creation (1:28), and he is
prohibited from eating of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil (2:16-17).
o Mediator: Adam by bearing the image of God to creation (1:28).
o Declaration of blessings for obedience and curses for disobedience.
Blessings: The tree of life (2:9).
Curses: Adam will die if he eats of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil (2:17).
List the 12 tribes of Israel
- Judah (southern kingdom)
- Levi
- Zebulun
- Issachar
- Ashur
- Benjamin (southern kingdom)
- Reuben
- Simeon
- Dan
- Gad
- Naphtali
12a. Manasseh
12b. Ephraim
List the 12 judges
a. Othniel (3)
b. Ehud (3)
c. Shamgar (3)
d. Deborah (4-5)*
e. Gideon (6-8)*
f. Toal (10)
g. Jair (10)
h. Jephthah (11-12)*
i. Izban (12)
j. Elon (12)
k. Abdon (12)
l. Samson (13-16)*
Where are the 10 plagues located? What are they?
- Water turned to blood
- Frogs
- Gnats
- Flies
- Livestock Die
- Boils
- Hail
- Locusts
- Darkness
- Death of the first born
What was created on each of the 6 days in Genesis 1?
1) Light & Darkness
2) Sky and Sea (separate waters above from below)
3) Separate sea & dry land; vegetation
4) Sun, moon, stars
5) Birds and fish
6) Animals and man
Briefly discuss the Messianic Psalms, and identify four of them.
• The Messianic Psalms present the Messiah as the ultimate Davidic King who is coming to
rule over the entire world.
• Psa. 2; 22; 110; 118
As a preacher, what do you find unique about Isaiah’s testimony of the Word? Why would you preach from it?
Isaiah gives an incredibly compelling picture of Jesus Christ and the gospel. And because it is an OT book, it helps us see that the gospel of Christ is central to the entire Bible.
o The first 39 chapters focus on Israel’s sin and impending judgment, which presents the need for Christ.
o Isaiah predicts the virgin birth in 7:14-16, the Messiah’s reign in 9:2-7 and 11:1-10, and his work as the suffering Servant in the Servant Songs of chs. 42-53.
o Servant Songs:
42:1-9
49:1-13
50:4-9
52:13 – 53:12
The Prison Epistles
Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Philemon
The Pastoral Epistles
1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus
What are the distinctive features of Matthew
Written to prove that Jesus is the Messiah, and to teach obedience to Jesus’
commands.
o The most “Jewish” gospel.
o Stresses Jesus’ fulfillment of OT prophecy.
What are the distinctive features of Mark
Written to present the person, work and teaching of Jesus – the good news.
o The shortest gospel, focusing more on Jesus’ actions than his teachings.
o Direct and fast-moving style carries us to the cross.
o Mark probably learned the content from Peter.
o Probably the first gospel written.
What are the distinctive features of Luke
Written to assure disciples of the truth they have heard about Jesus by presenting an accurate account of his life and teachings (1:1-4).
o The longest and most comprehensive gospel.
o Very focused on history
o Themes: Prayer, the Holy Spirit, social reversal, the danger of wealth, the arrival of the Kingdom of God.
What are the distinctive features of John
Written so that its readers would believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and by believing have life in his Name (20:31).
o The most theologically rich gospel
o Probably the last gospel written
o Very high focus on Christ’s teachings, compared to the other gospels
o Appeals to Jews and Gentiles
o Themes: The incarnation, the person of Christ, his relationship to the Father, the importance of believing in Christ.
List the 12 apostles
- Peter
- James
- John
- Matthew
- Bartholomew (Nathanael)
- Matthias (replaced Judas Iscariot)
- Thomas
- Simon the Zealot
- Philip
- Andrew
- James son of Alphaeus
- Thaddeus (Judas son of James)
List the 7 “I Am” statements from the Gospel of John, with references
- The Bread of Life (6:35)
- The Light of the World (8:12)
- The Door of the Sheep (10:7)
- The Good Shepherd (10:11)
- The Resurrection and the Life (11:25)
- The Way, the Truth and the Life (14:6)
- The True Vine (15:1)
List the books of the OT
Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Joshua Judges Ruth 1 & 2 Samuel 1 & 2 Kings 1 & 2 Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah Esther Job Psalms Proverbs Ecclesiastes Song of Solomon Isaiah Jeremiah Lamenations Ezekiel Daniel Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi
List the books of the NT
Matthew Mark Luke John Acts Romans 1 & 2 Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians 1 & 2 Thessalonians 1 & 2 Timothy Titus Philemon Hebrews James 1 & 2 Peter 1, 2, & 3 John Jude Revelation
Minor Prophets
Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi
