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Bacteriology > General Bacteriology > Flashcards

General Bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

Polyphasic Taxonomy

A

based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic properties

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2
Q

Bacterial Phylogeny

A

evolutionary relationship between bacteria

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3
Q

Peptidoglycan function

A

rigidity, protection against osmotic lysis

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4
Q

Gram + cell wall composition

A

capsule, cell wall w/ thick peptidoglycan, cytoplasmic membrane

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5
Q

Gram - cell wall composition

A

capsule, OUTER MEMBRANE, cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, PERIPLASMIC SPACE

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6
Q

What does Ziehl-Neelsen staining look for?

A

mycolic acid in cell wall

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7
Q

In what type of bacteria is lipoteichoic acid present in?

A

Gram +

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8
Q

In what type of bacteria is Lipopolysaccharide in?

A

Gram -

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9
Q

Describe lipopolysaccharide

A

endotoxin (lipid A) activates immune system
Polysaccharide: antigenicity

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10
Q

What do mycobacteria use as a virulence factor?

A

mycolic acid

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11
Q

Flagella function

A

locomotion, motility, identification

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12
Q

Endoflagella

A

flagella in periplasmic space - causes corkscrew motility

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13
Q

Types of flagella

A

Monotrichous: single
Amphitrichous: double
Lophotrichous: ponytail
Peritrichous: everywhere

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14
Q

Pili/Fimbriae function

A

antigenicity, attachment and conjugation

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15
Q

Capsule function

A

nutrient reserve, protection, adherence, evasion of phagocytosis

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16
Q

What are endospores?

A

cryptobiotic state of dormancy
MOST DURABLE CELL TYPE IN NATURE

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17
Q

Endospore function

A

ensure survival in harsh conditions

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18
Q

What genera create endospores

A

Clostridium and Bacillus

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19
Q

What is sporulation?

A

formation of spores from vegetative cells in harsh conditions

20
Q

What is germination?

A

return of dormant spores to growth via nutrients

21
Q

Does mycoplasma have a cell wall?

A

No

22
Q

What kind of chromosomes does Leptospira have?

A

two circular

23
Q

What kind of chromosomes does Lymes have?

A

linear

24
Q

4 phases of bacterial growth?

A

Lag, exponential, maximal stationary, death

25
Q

What factors are needed for bacterial growth?

A

nutrients, metabolic energy source, various O2 and temp requirements

26
Q

What temperature do food borne bacteria prefer?

A

colder (psychotrophs)

27
Q

What temperature do most bacteria prefer?

A

normal body temp (mesophiles)

28
Q

Exotoxin definition

A

protein toxins via bacteria, act on specific target
HEAT LABILE

29
Q

Endotoxin definition

A

cell wall components, induce inflammation
HEAT STABLE

30
Q

Superantigens

A

exotoxin causing IS dysfunction

31
Q

How are super antigens activated

A

depends on variable B chain TCR - NO IMMUNE PROTECTION

32
Q

Result of superantigens

A

massive t cell proliferation causing nausea, vomiting, fever, shock

33
Q

What is a biofilm

A

bacterial population which are adherent to each other or surfaces enclosed in bi-polymer matrix surfaces

34
Q

Examples of biofilms

A

dental plaques, catheters, UTI

35
Q

Describe Quorum Sensing

A

Bacteria producing small signals to communicate when population reaches certain density behavior changes

36
Q

Methods of virulence transfer

A

conjugation, transformation, transduction

37
Q

New method of virulence transfer

A

outer membrane vesicles

38
Q

What can mediate transfer?

A

bacteriophages and plasmids

39
Q

What is virulence?

A

capacity of pathogen to damage host

40
Q

Virulence factors

A

properties found in isolates that cause disease but that are not found in isolates of same species that lack ability to cause disease

41
Q

T/F: All communicable diseases are infections but not all infectious diseases are communicable

A

True

42
Q

What percent of microbes are pathogenic?

A

5%

43
Q

Obligate intracellular pathogens

A

require host for replication and cause disease during replication
CANNOT BE COMMENSAL

44
Q

Opportunistic pathogens

A

take advantage of situations where immune system or homeostasis is disturbed

45
Q

How must a pathogen act? (5)

A

find host niche
evade/overcome defenses
beat normal microbiota
multiply
exert damage

46
Q

T/F: All exposure leads to infection

A

False

Bacteriology (2 decks)

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