General Anesthetics

Question 1

Four stages of anesthesia?

Answer 1

Analgesia
Excitement
Surgical anesthesia
Awakening

Question 2

Steps of anesthesia?

Answer 2

Premedication, maintainence of anesthesia, introduction of anesthesia, awakening

Question 3

For preoperative sedation & additional muscle relaxation.

Answer 3

Diazepam, Midazolam

Question 4

Prevention of vomitting?(General Anesthetics)

Answer 4

Metoclopramide

Question 5

Opiod analgesics for the additional analgesia.

Answer 5

Fentanyl

Question 6

M-cholinoblockers for reducing risks of excessive secretion of saliva and trachea glands and for prevention of vagal bradycardia.

Answer 6

Atropine
Scopolamine

Question 7

Drugs for inhalation anesthetics?

Answer 7

Nitrous oxide
Halothane
Isoflurane
Desflurane
Sevoflurane

Question 8

Drugs for intravenous anesthesia?

Answer 8

Barbiturates (thiopental)
Propofol
Etomidate
Ketamine

Question 9

Facts about Nitrous oxide?

Answer 9

Very fast, weak anesthetic action, potent analgesics, can be used in combination with others.

Question 10

What inhalational anesthetics are used for pediatric patients?

Answer 10

Halothane
Sevoflurane (Now used for often)

Question 11

Disadvantages of using halothane.

Answer 11

• Induce weak analgesia.
• Poor relaxation of the skeletal
  muscles.
• Severe respiratory depression.
• hypotension

Question 12

What drug causes life threatening hepatotoxicity?

Answer 12

Halothane

Question 13

For what does halothane sensitize the myocardium?

Answer 13

Proarrhythmogenic effects of catecholamines.

Question 14

Is it dangerous to administer halothane to patients with pheochromocytoma?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

What are the disadvantages of Isoflurane?

Answer 15

Unpleasant odour, irritation of the mucus membranes of respiratory tract.

Question 16

Isoflurane characteristics.

Answer 16

Causes moderate analgesia,
Some relaxant effect on the skeletal muscles.

Question 17

What drug is recommended for cardiac and neurosurgery? Reasons.

Answer 17

Isoflurane,
Maintain cardiac output,
Causes minimal rise of the intracranial pressure. (When compared with other inhaled anesthetics)

Question 18

Which inhalation anesthetic has the best ideal qualities.

Answer 18

Sevoflurane

Question 19

Why sevoflurane is used in pediatric patients.

Answer 19

No smell

Question 20

What drug has the fastest onset of action & awakening among all inhalation General anesthetics.

Answer 20

Desflurane

Question 21

What are the effects of desflurane?

Answer 21

Hypotension due to decrease of peripheral resistance of vessels & compensatory tachycardia.

Question 22

Disadvantages of Desflurane.

Answer 22

Extreme pungent odour which leads to cough, excess salivation even bronchospasm