General Anesthetics Flashcards
Four stages of anesthesia?
Analgesia
Excitement
Surgical anesthesia
Awakening
Steps of anesthesia?
Premedication, maintainence of anesthesia, introduction of anesthesia, awakening
For preoperative sedation & additional muscle relaxation.
Diazepam, Midazolam
Prevention of vomitting?(General Anesthetics)
Metoclopramide
Opiod analgesics for the additional analgesia.
Fentanyl
M-cholinoblockers for reducing risks of excessive secretion of saliva and trachea glands and for prevention of vagal bradycardia.
Atropine
Scopolamine
Drugs for inhalation anesthetics?
Nitrous oxide
Halothane
Isoflurane
Desflurane
Sevoflurane
Drugs for intravenous anesthesia?
Barbiturates (thiopental)
Propofol
Etomidate
Ketamine
Facts about Nitrous oxide?
Very fast, weak anesthetic action, potent analgesics, can be used in combination with others.
What inhalational anesthetics are used for pediatric patients?
Halothane
Sevoflurane (Now used for often)
Disadvantages of using halothane.
- Induce weak analgesia.
- Poor relaxation of the skeletal
muscles. - Severe respiratory depression.
- hypotension
What drug causes life threatening hepatotoxicity?
Halothane
For what does halothane sensitize the myocardium?
Proarrhythmogenic effects of catecholamines.
Is it dangerous to administer halothane to patients with pheochromocytoma?
Yes
What are the disadvantages of Isoflurane?
Unpleasant odour, irritation of the mucus membranes of respiratory tract.
Isoflurane characteristics.
Causes moderate analgesia,
Some relaxant effect on the skeletal muscles.
What drug is recommended for cardiac and neurosurgery? Reasons.
Isoflurane,
Maintain cardiac output,
Causes minimal rise of the intracranial pressure. (When compared with other inhaled anesthetics)
Which inhalation anesthetic has the best ideal qualities.
Sevoflurane
Why sevoflurane is used in pediatric patients.
No smell
What drug has the fastest onset of action & awakening among all inhalation General anesthetics.
Desflurane
What are the effects of desflurane?
Hypotension due to decrease of peripheral resistance of vessels & compensatory tachycardia.
Disadvantages of Desflurane.
Extreme pungent odour which leads to cough, excess salivation even bronchospasm
