General Anesthetic Flashcards
A __________ anesthetic produces unconsciousness, unresponsiveness, amnesia, immobility and autonomic stability.
Complete
T/F: Diethyl ether is a common anesthetic today.
False
Often a cocktail of drugs
What are some of the drugs often used in general Anesthetics?
- Antimuscarinics
- Various analgesics
- Anti-nicotinics
- Antiemetics
- Nitrous oxide and/or opiods
__________ are used in general anesthesia to minimize salivation, block vagal stimulation, and block reflex bradycardia.
Antimuscarinics
__________ are used for preoperative pain relief, sedation, and amnesia.
Analgesics
_____________ are used to reduce anesthetic requirement and provide some analgesia.
Nitrous oxide/opiods
What is the purpose of anti-nicotinics in general anesthesia?
Paralyze skeletal muscle
When does anesthesia begin?
When the anesthetic reaches a critical concentration in membrane lipids
What was the assumption of the membrane lipid based theories of anesthesia?
If you get enough anesthesia in the membrane this will alter the membrane structure leading to altered state
What is the membrane protein based theory of anesthesia?
Direct action on proteins leads to alterations in protein functions
T/F: General anesthetics have been demonstrated to block many different ligand activated ion channels.
True
T/F: There is a specific set of proteins known as anesthesia targets that mediate the response.
False
Anesthesia acts on a variety of proteins leading to the response
T/F: Action potentials are a very sensitive function to general anesthetics.
False
Synaptic transmission more sensitive than action potentials
The _________________ appears to be an important factor in consciousness, therefore attenuating this can help lead to reduced consciousness.
Reticular activation formation
T/F: Anesthetics exert direct effects on the thalamus and hippocampus.
True
Thalamocortical loop may be of high importance
In order to reduce memory, the __________ System is most likely attenuated by anesthetic.
limbic
T/F: General anesthetics target and turn off specific known pathways to achieve the needed state.
False
Variety of pathways
What are the four stages of general anesthesia?
- Analgesia
- Excitement
- Surgical anesthesia
- Medullary paralysis
What is the blood:gas coefficient?
Quantifies the solubility of an anesthetic agent in blood
T/F: Anesthetics with a lower blood:gas coefficient are preferred because these will have the fastest induction and recovery speeds.
True
______ is determined by the solubility of an anesthetic in olive oil.
MAC
Anesthetic agents with _____ MAC and _____ blood:gas coefficients are desirable.
Low; low
T/F: An anesthetic agent with low MAC will have a high potency.
True
T/F: Nitrous oxide has a low MAC and low blood:gas coefficient.
False
High MAC (not as potent) and low b:g
