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Anesthesia Equipment > General Anesthesia Induction Equipment > Flashcards

General Anesthesia Induction Equipment Flashcards

0
Q

What are the 3 types of induction?

A
  1. Inhalation induction (Mask)
  2. IV induction
    - RSI (give the drugs and put the tube in)
    - Modified RSI (When you hold cricoid but you give them breaths)
  3. Combination (masking with nitrous oxide to place IV)
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1
Q

Define General Anesthesia

A

Anesthesia - meant the condition of having sensation (including the feeling of pain) blocked or temporarily taken away

  • Total lack of awareness or lack of awareness of a part of the body such as a spinal anesthetic
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2
Q

What is the main sequence of most GA inductions?

A
  1. Monitor application
  2. Pre-oxygenation
  3. Induction agents given
  4. Airway support through masking, LMA, or ETT placement
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3
Q

What is the FRC?

A

Lung volume at the end of normal exhalation

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4
Q

What is the FRC volume?

A

2.5 liters

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5
Q

What does pre-oxygenation do?

A

Increases the apnea threshold by filling the FRC with oxygen

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6
Q

What is the residual volume of the lungs?

A

1.25-2.0 liters

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7
Q

What volume is the tidal volume?

A

0.5-0.6 Liters

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8
Q

What volume is the vital capacity?

A

3.5-5.5 liters

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9
Q

What volume is the total lung capacity?

A

6 liters

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10
Q

What are the indications for mask induction?

A
  • pediatric patients that are NPO where IV placement may be distressing
  • Adult patients that are NPO that are difficult IV placement or unable to cooperate with IV placement
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11
Q

Laryngospasm is mediated by what nerve?

A

Superior Laryngeal Nerve - in response to irritating glottic or supraglottic stimuli such as presence of food, blood, vomit or airway secretions.
*Occurs most frequently with light anesthesia upon induction or emergence

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12
Q

What is a laryngospasm?

A

False cords and epiglottic body come together firmly and allow no air flow and no vocal sound

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13
Q

What is the treatment for laryngospasm?

A
  1. Forward displacement of the jaw and apply positive pressure with 100% oxygen
  2. Severe spasm may require small doses of succinylcholine and re-intubation (given intramuscularly or sublingual injection)
    * *Laryngospasm will eventually cease as hypercarbia and hypoxia develop
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14
Q

What is Rapid Sequence Induction (RSI)?

A
  • Anesthesia induction sequence that aids in securing airway with an ETT as quickly as possible. There is NO masking after induction agent is given.
  • Reduces the time at risk for pulmonary aspiration and development of hypoxemia.
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15
Q

What are the indications for Rapid Sequence Induction (RSI)?

A
  • Full stomach
  • Severe GERD
  • Anticipated possible difficult mask or intubation
16
Q

What is Modified RSI?

A
  • Patient is masked with gentle pressure while cricoid pressure is maintained
  • May be done if you need extra oxygenation or feel the need to see if the patient has a good mask airway
17
Q

What is Cricoid Pressure (Sellick Maneuver)?

A
  • Hypothetical basis that pressure on the front of the cricoid cartilage is transmitted to its posterior lamina, which occludes the esophagus by compression against the vertebral bodies
  • Used to prevent pulmonary aspiration
18
Q

Where is the cricoid cartilage located?

A
  • Below the thyroid prominence (adam’s apple)

- Pressure is placed with thumb and index finger on lateral edges of the cricoid cartilage

19
Q

How long should you hold cricoid pressure?

A
  • DO NOT release cricoid pressure until after confirmation of successfl intubation:
  • Visualization of ETT through vocal cords
  • Fogging of OET
  • ETCO2 present
  • Bilateral breath sounds present
20
Q

What are some disadvantages of cricoid pressure?

A
  • increased risk of regurgitation (reduced tone of lower esophageal sphincter)
  • Degrades view of larynx
  • Fracture of the cricoid cartilage
  • rupture of the esophagus from vomiting
21
Q

If at any time you are unable to intubate a patient and unable to mask a patient, what is the next step?

A
  • Insert an LMA
22
Q

What is the end option if you can’t intubate, can’t ventilate scenario?

A

Surgical airway

23
Q

What is the “Thyromental distance”?

A
  • It is the “anterior” airway

- Area from the chin to the throat - you want 4 finger breaths

24
Q

Prior to induction, what should be checked on the laryngoscope?

A

The light source

Anesthesia Equipment (14 decks)

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