General Anesthesia

Question 1

Dose sparing is

Answer 1

using one drug to reduce the required dose of another

Question 2

Anesthetic protocol consists of which of the following
-Premedication 
Induction 
Maintenance 
Recovery 
TIVA
All of these duh

Answer 2

all of these things

Question 3

List the stages of anesthesia

Answer 3

Analgesia, excitement, surgical anesthesia, medullary paralysis, death

Question 4

Balanced anesthesia refers to

Answer 4

Combo of unconsciousness, analgesia and muscle relaxation

Question 5

Halothane (Fluothane) is most likely to cause Malignant hyperthermia. What is used to treat this? Any adverse problems with using this vapor?

Answer 5

Dantrolene.

60-80% is eliminated through respiration while remainder is eliminated through other routes liver/kidney. It has a blood/gas coefficient of 2.4 which means very slow induction and recovery. The MOST potent cerebral vasodilator (increased ICP), and most arrhythmogenic of the inhalants and potential trigger for MH.

Question 6

Isoflurane, what is the blood/gas coefficient?

Answer 6

Has a lower blood/gas coefficient than halothane at 1.4 and thus more rapid onset of anesthesia, recovery and response to dose adjustments.

Question 7

Why is isoflurane more commonly used as an inhalant than halothane?

Answer 7

Causes less cerebral vasodilation, maintains cerebral vascular autoregulation and is anticonvulsant making it a good choice for patients with neurologic issue. , less cardiac depression, liver and other organ blood flow is less affected. Enhancement of the NMB is greater than with halothane. LESS potent trigger for malignant hyperthermia than halothane

Question 8

Sevoflurane has a higher blood/gas coefficient than isoflurane? T / F

Answer 8

False.

Has a lower blood/gas coefficient 0.65 to 1.4.

Question 9

Which one of these causes less cerebral vasodilation?
A. Isoflurane
B. Sevoflurane
C. desflurane

Answer 9

B.

Question 10

What is compound A and which vapor causes this?

Answer 10

Compound A is formed from low flow rates of sevoflurane which react with the soda lime adsorbent used to collet CO2 and causes the formation of Compound A. It is a potential nephrotoxin. If you use high enough oxygen flow rates you can avoid Compound A from forming.

Question 11

Desflurane has the higher vapor pressure than the other vapors requiring a specialized vaporizer which makes it more expensive? T/F

Answer 11

True

It is also the m os rapid onset and recovery. Causes more respiratory depression than Isoflurane, does not substantially alter renal blood flow. NOT worth the cost in vet med

Question 12

Nitrous Oxide aka laughing gas is not a gas? T/F

Answer 12

False, it the only true gas

Question 13

NO blood/gas coefficient? Does it provide analgesia? Is it a great muscle relaxer?

Answer 13

Coefficient is 0.47.
Can be run at 66% because you need 33% for Oxygen
Only inhalant that does provide analgesia, poor muscle relaxer adn a weak trigger for mH. Causes minimal cardiorespiratory depression. Increases cerebral blood flow and ICP.

Question 14

Describe the fink effect?

Answer 14

When you stop giving NO, the nitrous in the body will diffuse out and occupy space within the alveolus, this can displace other gases in the alveolus, most importantly oxygen. This can lead to hypoxia. Therefore you always want to give 100% oxygen on recovery.