General Anesthesia Flashcards
Inhaled Anesthetics with Higher blood solubility
Higher tendency to stay in blood
-longer time to saturate blood
–slower induction and washout time
Inhaled anesthetics with lower blood solubility
Quickly saturates blood
-quickly exerts effects on brain
–shorter induction and washout time
Inhaled anesthetics lipid solubility
Lipid soluble gasses easily diffuse into brain
-increased lipid affinity = more potent
—lower gas concentration needed to produce effect
Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC)
Prevents movement in 50% of subjects in response to pain
Low MAC
low gas concentration needed = high potency
High MAC
High gas concentration needed = low potency
How does MAC related to lipid solubility
Lipid solubility = (1/MAC)
Inhaled anesthetics effect on cerebral blood flow
increase cerebral blood flow
-cerebral vasodilation: increase ICP due to increased blood flow
Inhaled Anesthetics and BP
Dose-dependent Hypotension
-vasodilation: decrease SVR and MAP
Inhaled Anesthetics and Respiratory Depression
Decrease Tidal Volume
Increased CO2
Inhaled Anesthetics and Myocardial Depression
Decreased Cardiac Output
Nitrous Oxide Action
Diffused rapidly into air spaces
-will increase volume
When can you not use Nitrous Oxide
Pneumothorax
Abdominal Distention
Halothane Adverse
Hepatotoxicity
-massive necrosis
-increased AST/ALT
Methoxyflurane Adverse
Nephrotoxicity
-Renal toxic metabolites
Enflurane Adverse
Seizures
-lowers seizure threshold
Treatments for Malignant Hyperthermia
Stop offending Drug
Administer oxygen
Dantrolene (Muscle relaxant)
Induction Stage of Anesthesia
Drug used to put patient to sleep
-usually Propofol with opioid
Maintenance stage of Anesthesia
Drugs to keep patient asleep
Emergence stage of anesthesia
Discontinuation of anesthetics
Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade
Extubation
