General Anesthesia Flashcards
General anesthesia components
hypnosis, areflexia, amnesia, analgesia, +/- muscle relaxation
Unconsciousness
propofol, volatile anesthetics
amnesia
midazolam, propofol, volatile anesthetics not so much
analgesia
fentanyl, NO
Immobility
volatile inhaled anesthetics, succinylcholine, rocuronium
Respiratory depression and airway obstruction
Propofol, inhaled anesthetics, Fentanyl
Seizure activity
The use of some anesthetics is discouraged in patients with epilepsy (ex: Etomidate, Enflurane, Sevoflurane
CV instability
general anesthetics such as Propofol and volatile inhaled anesthetics, spinal anesthesia, epidural anesthesia)
Most anesthetics are vasodilators
Common Emergency Drugs
Oxygen, Ephedrine (raise BP), Phenylephrine (raise BP), Atropine (raise HR), Lidocaine
Ephedrine
Clinical use – increase BP and HR
Correcting for side effects – titrate carefully, increases BP/HR/arrhythmias
Phenylephrine
Clinical use – increase BP
Clearance – MAO and hepatic metabolism
Correcting for side effects – titrate carefully, increases BP/decreases HR
Atropine
Clinical uses – increase HR and BP
Correcting for side effects – psychosis with OD, paradoxical bradycardia with underdose
Lidocaine
Clinical uses – local anesthetic, reverse arrhythmias (PVCs)
Clearance – redistribution (to muscle/fat), hepatic metabolism
Correcting for side effects – reverse systemic toxicity, seizures
Common Pre-Induction Drugs
Lidocaine (SQ before IV), Midazolam, Fentanyl, Antibiotic
Midazolam
Clinical uses – sedative/hypnotic, reversal of anxiety, amnestic