General Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

General anesthesia components

A

hypnosis, areflexia, amnesia, analgesia, +/- muscle relaxation

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2
Q

Unconsciousness

A

propofol, volatile anesthetics

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3
Q

amnesia

A

midazolam, propofol, volatile anesthetics not so much

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4
Q

analgesia

A

fentanyl, NO

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5
Q

Immobility

A

volatile inhaled anesthetics, succinylcholine, rocuronium

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6
Q

Respiratory depression and airway obstruction

A

Propofol, inhaled anesthetics, Fentanyl

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7
Q

Seizure activity

A

The use of some anesthetics is discouraged in patients with epilepsy (ex: Etomidate, Enflurane, Sevoflurane

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8
Q

CV instability

A

general anesthetics such as Propofol and volatile inhaled anesthetics, spinal anesthesia, epidural anesthesia)
Most anesthetics are vasodilators

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9
Q

Common Emergency Drugs

A

Oxygen, Ephedrine (raise BP), Phenylephrine (raise BP), Atropine (raise HR), Lidocaine

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10
Q

Ephedrine

A

Clinical use – increase BP and HR
Correcting for side effects – titrate carefully, increases BP/HR/arrhythmias

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11
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Clinical use – increase BP
Clearance – MAO and hepatic metabolism
Correcting for side effects – titrate carefully, increases BP/decreases HR

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12
Q

Atropine

A

Clinical uses – increase HR and BP
Correcting for side effects – psychosis with OD, paradoxical bradycardia with underdose

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13
Q

Lidocaine

A

Clinical uses – local anesthetic, reverse arrhythmias (PVCs)
Clearance – redistribution (to muscle/fat), hepatic metabolism
Correcting for side effects – reverse systemic toxicity, seizures

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14
Q

Common Pre-Induction Drugs

A

Lidocaine (SQ before IV), Midazolam, Fentanyl, Antibiotic

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15
Q

Midazolam

A

Clinical uses – sedative/hypnotic, reversal of anxiety, amnestic

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16
Q

benzodiazepine antagonist, antidote for Midazolam OD
Fentanyl

A

Flumazenil

17
Q

Fentanyl

A

opioid agonist
Clinical uses – analgesia (pain relief), anesthetic agent

18
Q

opioid antagonist

A

Naloxone

19
Q

Common Drugs for Induction of Anesthesia

A

Oxygen, Propofol, Succinylcholine

20
Q

Propofol

A

Clinical use – rapid IV induction of anesthesia

21
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Classification – depolarizing (non-competitive) NMJ blocker
Clinical use – rapid muscle relaxation for intubation

22
Q

Common Drugs for Maintenance of Anesthesia

A

Oxygen, inhalational anesthetics (NO/Isoflurane/Sevoflurane/Desflurane), Fentanyl, Vecuronium

23
Q

Inhalational anesthetics

A

Classification – NO and volatile inhaled anesthetics (Iso/Des/Sevo)
Clinical use – maintenance of anesthesia after induction

24
Q

Vecurononium

A

Classification – competitive (non-depolarizing) NMJ blocker
Clinical use – muscle relaxation

25
Q

Common Drugs for Emergence from Anesthesia

A

Oxygen, Neostigmine, Glycopyrrolate, Ketorolac, Morphine

26
Q

Neostigmine

A

Clinical use – reversal of NMJ blockade

27
Q

Ketorolac

A

Classification – NSAID
Clinical use – analgesic (IV or IM)

28
Q

Morphine

A

Classification – opioid agonist
Clinical use – analgesia