general and temp regulation

Question 1

Hormones are:

Answer 1

signaling molecules or chemical messengers that transport information from one set of cells (endocrine cells) to another (target cells).

Question 2

Endocrine function:

Answer 2

transmission of a hormonal signal through the bloodstream to a distant target (pituitary to adrenal gland)

The hormones must enter the blood stream to get to the target cell. (Distance-signaling)

Question 3

Paracrine function:

Answer 3

if a hormone acts on a neighboring cell of a different type ( pancreas alpha pancreas beta)

secreted by cells into the extracellular fluid and affect neighboring cells of a different type. (Adjacent- signaling) Ex: Testosterone, Estrogen affect neighboring cells in male and female reproduction without needing to enter circulation. Pancreas

Question 4

Autocrine function

Answer 4

If the secreted hormone acts on the producer itself

secreted by cells into the extracellular fluid and affect the function of the SAME cells that produced them. (Self-signaling)

Question 5

Endocrine diseases are often times caused by:

Answer 5

abnormal amounts of hormones

Question 6

Endo-

Answer 6

function at a distance (vascular)

Question 7

Exo-

Answer 7

ducts (sweat, salivary)

Question 8

Para-

Answer 8

near/ regionally

Question 9

Auto-

Answer 9

self

Question 10

Neuro-

Answer 10

nerve

Question 11

Crin

Answer 11

to secrete

Question 12

neurocrine:

Answer 12

secretion of hormones into the bloodstream by neurons

Question 13

How long does it take for thyroid and steroid hormones to produce a response?

Answer 13

hours to days

Question 14

How long does it take for peptide, protein and catecholamines to produce a response?

Answer 14

act by binding to cell membrane receptors generate hormonal effects within seconds to minutes

Question 15

peptide and protein hormones

Answer 15

Insulin, GH, ADH

Question 16

steroid hormones

Answer 16

cortisol, aldosterone

Question 17

tyrosine derivatives

Answer 17

T3, T4, epi, NE

Question 18

where is tyrosine produced?

Answer 18

thyroid and adrenal gland

Question 19

what type of hormones are bound to transport proteins?

Answer 19

steroid and thyroid

Question 20

what does the plasma protein binding do?

Answer 20

binding protects from metabolism and renal clearance

Question 21

do catecholamines circulate bound or unbound?

Answer 21

unbound

Question 22

which kind of hormones are derived from cholesterol?

Answer 22

steroids

Question 23

Triiodothyronine

Answer 23

T3

Question 24

thyroxine

Answer 24

T4

Question 25

thyroxine’s half life

Answer 25

6-7 days

Question 26

Insulin half-life

Answer 26

7 minutes (unbound)

Question 27

Lipophilic hormones:

Answer 27

thyroid and steroid (bound to transport proteins)

lipophilic molecules that enter target calls by simple diffusion or by special transport mechanisms

Question 28

Hydrophilic molecules:

Answer 28

peptides and catecholamines

Question 29

where are the receptors for proteins, peptides and catecholamines located?

Answer 29

located in or on the surface of the target-cell membrane

Question 30

where receptors located?

Answer 30

1.) on the surface of the target cell membrane
2.) in the target cell cytoplasm
3.) in the target cell nucleus

Question 31

Binding of a hormone to a receptor initiates:

Answer 31

a cascade of reactions within a cell

Question 32

Hormones act only on:

Answer 32

cells that have specific receptors

Question 33

Many endocrine disorders result from:

Answer 33

destruction of feedback loops

Question 34

normal temperature range

Answer 34

range from 36.5-37.3.