General and Local Anesthetics - Kinder Flashcards
5 effects of general anesthesia
1 - unconscious 2 - amnesia 3 - analgesia 4 - inhibit autonomic reflexes 5 - skeletal m relax
balanced anesthesia
balance IV and inhaled drugs
volatile
liquid room temp
- admin with vaporizer
halothane, enflrane, isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane
-ane
gaseous
gas at room temp
NO
inhaled uptake and distribution
two factors - controlled by anesthesiologist
1 inspirited concentration
2 alveolar ventilation
Fa/Fi
PP in alveoli
Fa - alveolar concentration
Fi - inspired concentration
approaches 1 - faster anesthesia occuring
-equilibrium of inspired : alveolar
blood:gas partition coefficient
affinity of anesthetic for blood
low - rapid
high - slow
speed recovery
hyperventilation
-only way to alter elminiation by anesthesiologist
MAC
minimum alveolar concentration
-volume % that is anesthetic
1 MAC - 50% population immobile
1.3 MAC - 90%
four stages of CNS depression
1 - analgesia
2 - excitement - delirious
3 - surgical anesthesia - slow RR HR
4 - medullary depression - need to be ventilated
four planes of surgical anesthesia
ocular movement
eye reflexes
pupil size
increasing depth of anesthesia
hepatitis
halothane
malignant hypethermia
RyR receptor
-with inhaled anesthetics
tx - dantrolene
propofol MOA
potentiate Cl current through GABA complex
lipid
propofol ADR
egg allergy
propofol PK
fast onset and fast elimination
context sensitive half time
elimination half time after discontinue infusion
barbituates
thiopental and methohexital
barbituate MOA
GABA-A - increased channel opening
lipophilic
no analgesia
is a respiratory depressant
benzodiazepenes MOA
increase sensitivity of GABA-A receptor
flumazenil
terminate activity of benzodiazepene
antagonist
etomidate MOA
GABA-A Cl current potentiation
minimal cardiac effect
ketamine MOA
inhibit NMDA receptor
has analgesic effect
ADR ketamine
vivid dreams, hallucinations, out of body experience
dissociative anesthesia