General and Local Anesthetics - Kinder Flashcards

1
Q

5 effects of general anesthesia

A
1 - unconscious
2 - amnesia
3 - analgesia
4 - inhibit autonomic reflexes
5 - skeletal m relax
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2
Q

balanced anesthesia

A

balance IV and inhaled drugs

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3
Q

volatile

A

liquid room temp
- admin with vaporizer

halothane, enflrane, isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane

-ane

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4
Q

gaseous

A

gas at room temp

NO

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5
Q

inhaled uptake and distribution

A

two factors - controlled by anesthesiologist

1 inspirited concentration
2 alveolar ventilation

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6
Q

Fa/Fi

A

PP in alveoli

Fa - alveolar concentration
Fi - inspired concentration

approaches 1 - faster anesthesia occuring
-equilibrium of inspired : alveolar

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7
Q

blood:gas partition coefficient

A

affinity of anesthetic for blood

low - rapid

high - slow

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8
Q

speed recovery

A

hyperventilation

-only way to alter elminiation by anesthesiologist

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9
Q

MAC

A

minimum alveolar concentration
-volume % that is anesthetic

1 MAC - 50% population immobile

1.3 MAC - 90%

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10
Q

four stages of CNS depression

A

1 - analgesia
2 - excitement - delirious
3 - surgical anesthesia - slow RR HR
4 - medullary depression - need to be ventilated

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11
Q

four planes of surgical anesthesia

A

ocular movement
eye reflexes
pupil size

increasing depth of anesthesia

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12
Q

hepatitis

A

halothane

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13
Q

malignant hypethermia

A

RyR receptor
-with inhaled anesthetics

tx - dantrolene

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14
Q

propofol MOA

A

potentiate Cl current through GABA complex

lipid

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15
Q

propofol ADR

A

egg allergy

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16
Q

propofol PK

A

fast onset and fast elimination

17
Q

context sensitive half time

A

elimination half time after discontinue infusion

18
Q

barbituates

A

thiopental and methohexital

19
Q

barbituate MOA

A

GABA-A - increased channel opening

lipophilic

no analgesia

is a respiratory depressant

20
Q

benzodiazepenes MOA

A

increase sensitivity of GABA-A receptor

21
Q

flumazenil

A

terminate activity of benzodiazepene

antagonist

22
Q

etomidate MOA

A

GABA-A Cl current potentiation

minimal cardiac effect

23
Q

ketamine MOA

A

inhibit NMDA receptor

has analgesic effect

24
Q

ADR ketamine

A

vivid dreams, hallucinations, out of body experience

dissociative anesthesia

25
dexmedetomidine MOA
alpha2 adrenergic agonist water soluble causes hypnosis and psych sleep state
26
local anesthesia
loss of sensation - limited region of body disrupt afferent neural activity
27
ester
shorter duration of action
28
amide
longer duration of action
29
MOA local anesthetic
block voltage gated Na channels
30
differential block
local anesthetic - block all nerve actions myelinated nerve - blocked before unmyelinated more block at higher fire frequency (sensory is faster)
31
orderly evolution
of block sympathetics > temp > pain > light touch > motor
32
benzocaine
topical anesthetic
33
bupivicaine
longer duration of action
34
cocaine
block nerve impulse and cause local vasoconstriction also get euphoria
35
lidocaine
faster, more intense, longer lasting
36
anxiety prior to surgery
give midazolam
37
IV induction agent with rapid onset/recovery and antiemetic
propofol
38
pancuronium
lacks CNS depression lack change in LOC lack analgesia
39
nitric oxide
MAC >100% so need to combine with other agents to knock someone out