General and Local Anesthetic Drugs (Kruse) Flashcards
What are the inhaled anesthetics? (6)
-flurane for 4/6:
1) Desflurane
2) Enflurane
3) Sevoflurane
4) Isoflurane
5) Halothane
6) Nitrous oxide
What are the intravenous anesthetics? (6)
1) Diazepam
2) Etomidate
3) Fentanyl
4) Ketamine
5) Midazolam
6) Propofol
What are the local anesthetics? (6)
-caine:
1) Benzocaine
2) Bupivacaine
3) Cocaine
4) Dibucaine
5) Lidocaine
6) Procaine
The following drugs make up what class?
1) Desflurane
2) Enflurane
3) Sevoflurane
4) Isoflurane
5) Halothane
6) Nitrous oxide
Inhaled anesthetics
The following drugs make up what class?
1) Diazepam
2) Etomidate
3) Fentanyl
4) Ketamine
5) Midazolam
6) Propofol
Intravenous anesthetics
The following drugs make up what class?
1) Benzocaine
2) Bupivacaine
3) Cocaine
4) Dibucaine
5) Lidocaine
6) Procaine
Local anesthetics
The anesthetic state is a collection of “component” changes in behavior or perception that include?
1) Unconsciousness
2) Amnesia
3) Analgesia
4) Attenuation of autonomic reflexes to noxious stimulation
5) Immobility in response to noxious stimulation
Anesthetics primarily act at the?
Synapse
Chloride channels and Potassium channels make up what type of channels?
Inhibitory ion channels
Acetylcholine, Excitatory amino acids, and Serotonin make up what channels?
Excitatory ion channels
The driving force for inhaled anesthetic uptake is?
This is driven by?
1) Alveolar concentration
2) Inspired air concentration and alveolar ventilation
What defines the relative affinity of an anesthetic for the blood compared with that of inspired gas?
The blood:gas partition coefficient
What type of relationship is there between blood:gas coefficient and rate of anesthesia onset?
Inverse relationship
Agents with what type of blood solubility (nitrous oxide, desflurane) reach high arterial pressure rapidly?
Which in turn results in?
1) Low
2) Rapid equilibration with the brain and fast onset of action
Agents with what type of blood solubility (halothane) reaches high arterial pressure slowly, which in turn results in?
1) High
2) Slow equilibration with the brain and a slow onset of action
Between nitrous oxide and Halothane, which has a larger blood:gas partition coefficient?
Which has a larger brain:blood partition coefficient?
Which has a larger minimal alveolar concentration (vol %)?
Which has rapid onset and recovery?
Which has medium rate of onset and recovery?
1) Halothane
2) Halothane
3) NO
4) NO
5) Halothane
MAC values greater than 100% indicates that?
Other agents must be supplemented to achieve full surgical anesthesia
Using nitrous oxide to produce 40% MAC in combination with 70% of a volatile agent’s MAC would yield a total of 110% MAC, is this sufficient for surgical anesthesia in most patients?
Yes
Halothane may cause what side effect?
Hepatitis
Agents metabolized to products including fluoride ions may cause?
Renal toxicity
In combination with succinylcholine, inhaled volatile anesthetics may cause?
What is the antidote?
1) Malignant hyperthermia
2) Dantrolene
The IV anesthetic Propofol has what MOA?
Targets GABA(A) and acts as an agonist
The IV anesthetic Etomidate has what MOA?
Enhances the actions of GABA on GABA(A) receptors
The IV anesthetic Ketamine has what MOA?
NMDA receptor antagonist
Ketamine is the only IV anesthetic to produce profound?
Analgesia
The IV anesthetic Dexmedetomidine has what MOA?
Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist
What is the MOA of Local Anesthetics?
What is the effect?
1) Block voltage-gated sodium channel currents
2) Stops the spread of APs across nerve axons
Lidocaine, Mepivacaine, Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine, and Articaine are in what chemical class?
Benzocaine, Cocaine, Procaine, and Tetracaine are in what chemical class?
1) Amides (has two letter “i” is the agents name)
2) Ester (has only one “i” in the agents name)
