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Anatomy I > General Anatomy Terms -Intro- > Flashcards

General Anatomy Terms -Intro- Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of anatomy?

A
  • Surface Anatomy
  • Microscopic Anatomy
  • Macroscopic Anatomy
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2
Q

What is Surface Anatomy?

A

Study of surfaces of the body

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3
Q

What is Microscopic Anatomy?

A

Study of anatomical structures on a microscope such as cells (cytology) and tissues (histology)

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4
Q

What is Macroscopic Anatomy?

A

Study of anatomical features visible to the naked eye such as internal organs and external features

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5
Q

What direction is the Sagittal Plane of the body?

A

up and down (left or right (parallel) to the body’s median plane)

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6
Q

What direction is the Coronal/Frontal Plane?

A

up and down (divides body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) halves)

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7
Q

What direction is the transverse/horizontal plane?

A

left and right (divides body into middle halves) Top (inferior) and Bottom (superior)

Note: Usually MRI images and are viewed from below

Note: A patient’s left is our right

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8
Q

What direction is the median plane?

A

up and down (divides body into equal left and right halves)

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9
Q

What is the term that refers to the surface?

A

Ventral/Dorsal

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10
Q

What is the term that refers to toward or closest to the skin?

A

Superficial

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11
Q

What terms means nearest to the Midline of the body?

A

Medial

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12
Q

What term refers to away from or further from the midline?

A

Lateral

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13
Q

What term refers to the closest part to the ORIGIN (which would also indicate closest to the root of the limb?

for example: Your shoulder is ______

A

Proximal

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14
Q

What term refers to the ORIGIN being furthest away from the root of the limb?

for example: Your hand is ______________

A

Distal

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15
Q

What is the term that refers to furthest from ​the skin?

A

Deep

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16
Q

Term refers to bending?

A

Flexion

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17
Q

Term to straighten bent limb?

A

Extension

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18
Q

Term that refers to movement away from midline?

A

Abduction

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19
Q

Term that refers to movement toward from midline?

A

Adduction

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20
Q

Term that refers to forward (anteriorly) movement

A

Protraction

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21
Q

Term that refers to backward (posteriorly) movement

A

Retraction

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22
Q

Term of movement that refers to moving in a circular motion

A

Circumduction

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23
Q

Term that refers to turning or revolving of apart of the body around its long axis

A

Rotation

24
Q

What is the movement of the foot so that the sole faces in a medial direction

A

Inversion

25
Q

What is the opposite movement of the foot so that the sole faces in a lateral direction

A

Eversion

26
Q

___________ of the forearm is a medial rotation of the forearm in such a manner that the palm of the hand faces posteriorly

A

Pronation

27
Q

________ of the forearm from the pronated position so that the palm of the hand comes to face anteriorly

A

Supination

28
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A
  • PROTECTION
  • BODY VISCERA (organs) CONTAINMENT
  • BARRIER FOR MAINTAINING INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
  • HEAT REGULATION (SWEAT GLANDS, BLOOD VESSELS, FAT DEPOSITS)
  • EXTERORECEPTION (SENSATION OF ENVIRONMENT EXTERNAL TO BODY)
29
Q

The three layers of the skin?

A
  • Epidermis (tough protective layer)
  • Dermis (regenerative)
  • Hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue)
30
Q

What does the hypodermis layer of the skin contain of?

A
  • IT IS SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
  • IT’S BETWEEN DERMIS AND DEEP (INVESTING) FASCIA
  • ADIPOSE TISSUE ENMESHED WITHIN A NETWORK OF COLLAGENOUS FIBERS
  • CONTAINS SKIN LIGAMENTS - CONNECT DEEP FASCIA TO DERMIS
31
Q

What does the dermis layer of the skin contain of?

A
  • THE DEEPEST LAYER OF THE DERMIS CONTAINS HAIR FOLLICLES, ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLES, SEBACIOUS GLANDS
  • IT IS ALSO A DENSE LAYER OF COLLAGEN/ELASTIC FIBER NETWORK (Langer’s Lines)
32
Q

What are the qualities of deep investing fascia?

A
  • DENSE SHEET-LIKE FASCIAL SHEET
  • IT ENSHEATHS or ENCLOSES ALL MUSCLES
33
Q

What can fascia be adapted into?

A
  • INTERMUSCULAR SEPTA
  • SUBSEROUS FASCIA
  • RETINACULA (TENDON FIXATOR)
  • BURSAE (FLUID SACS) UNDERLYING TENDONS AT POINTS OF

MAXIMUM FRICTION

  • APONEUROSIS (FLAT FIBROUS COLLAGENOUS TISSUE SERVING AS A LARGE FLAT TENDON CONNECTING BROAD FLAT MUSCLES TO BONE.
34
Q

What is the system of skin called?

A

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

35
Q

REVIEW THIS DIAGRAM

A
36
Q

What are the two anatomical parts of the Skeletal System?

A

AXIAL AND APPENDICULAR SKELETON

Note: Axial is the purple on the diagram and appendicular is the yellow

37
Q

What are the two main tissue types of the Skeletal System?

A

Bone and Cartilage

38
Q

What is the purpose and some of the characteristics of the Bone?

A

Bone is the main supporting tissue of the body.

It has some elasticity and it is very rigid

39
Q

What are the fuctions of the Skeletal System?

A

-PROTECTION, SUPPORT, MECHANICAL CORE SYSTEM FOR MOVEMENT, CA2 STORAGE, HEMATOPOEISIS à NEW BLOOD CELLS

40
Q

What are the two types of Bone?

A
  • COMPACT BONE: dense, hard, and strong for weight-bearing
  • SPONGY BONE: weaker and forms support of the medullary tissue (TRABECULAR, CANCELLUS)
41
Q

What is PERIOSTEUM?

A

FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE COVERING AND AFFIXED TO A GIVEN BONE

COMPOSED OF TWO LAYERS: FIBROUS and OSTEOGENIC

1) FIBROUS LAYER - NOURISHES TISSUE WITH BLOOD VESSELS
2) OSTEOGENIC LAYER - REQUIRED TO GENERATE NEW BONE ( FRACTURE/BREAK HEALING)

42
Q

Compact bones are covered by _________ arteries.

A

Periosteal Arteries

43
Q

What happens to the bone if the periosteum is removed or lost?

A

The bone will become dead

44
Q

What are the different types of joints?

A
  • Fibrous Joints
  • Cartilaginous Joints
  • Synovial Joint
45
Q

What are examples of Fibrous Joints?

Also known as Solid joints

A
  • Sutures (present in the skull)
  • Syndesmosis (radius and ulna)
  • gomphosis (socket the tooth lies in)
46
Q

What are the Cartilaginous joints?

A
  • Synchondorsis (primary)
  • symphysis (secondary) usually found in the midline such as the pubic symphysis
47
Q

________ joints contain synovial fluid and are joined by an articular capsule

A

Synovial

*with menisci (knee)

*without menisci (elbow)

48
Q

Describe the neurovascular supply of joints

A

PERI-ARTICULR ANASTOMSES are found along the joints also known as the aticular artery network. VENAE COMITANTES are the vein that accompany these arteries and usually present in the synovial capsule membrane

49
Q

What are three types of muscles and an example of where they can be found?

A
  • Skeletal (found on bones and joints) voluntary
  • Cardiac (atrium and ventricles) involuntary
  • Smooth (found on walls of arteries and veins) involubtary
50
Q

Define the three fascial coverings of muscles?

A
  • Fiber
  • Fasicile
  • Muscle
51
Q

What is a Motor Unit?

A

Basic functional unit that contains a motor neuron and the muscle fibers control it

52
Q

When you flex your arm, what is an Antagonist?

A

Helps control and smooth your movement. Without an antagonist, our movement would be more of a jerk rather than a smooth movement

53
Q

What is the process of Pulmonary Circulation?

A

Blood goes through the systemic veins then into the Right Atrium of the heart, Right Ventricle of the heart, into the Pulmonary Artery, then into the lungs, then the pulmonary veins, then into the Left Atrium of the heart, then Left Ventricle of the heart, then into the Systemic Arteries

54
Q

Describe the three main functional Cardiovascular System

A
  • transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients.
  • clotting of open wounds.
  • regulation of body temperature.
55
Q
A

Anatomy I (3 decks)

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