general anatomy & physiology , chapter 5

Question 1

cells

Answer 1

the basic unit of all living things, from bacteria,to plants, to animals to human beings. the cell is responsible for carrying on all life processes. There are trillions of cells in the human body, and they vary in size, shape and purpose.

Question 2

protoplasm

Answer 2

colorless jelly like substance in which food elements such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present.

Question 3

nucleus

Answer 3

dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell. Plays important role in cell reproduction and metabolism

Question 4

nucleoplasm

Answer 4

within the nucleus of a cell. a fluid that contains proteins, and an acid known as deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA

Question 5

DNA( deoxyribonucleic acid )

Answer 5

determines our genetic makeup including the color of eyes, skin, and hair.

Question 6

cytoplasm

Answer 6

all the protoplasm of the cell , except that found in the nucleus . This watery fluid contains the food material necessary for cell growth, reproduction, and self repair.

Question 7

cell membrane

Answer 7

encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell

Question 8

mitosis

Answer 8

as long as conditions are favorable, the cell will grow and reproduce. most cells reproduce by dividing into two identical cells called daughter cells.

Question 9

metabolism

Answer 9

is a chemical process that takes place in living organisms. Metabolism has two phases, anabolism and catabolism, that are carried out simultaneously and continually within the cells.

Question 10

Anabolism

Answer 10

is constructive metabolism , the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones. During this process, the body stores water, food, & oxygen, for the time when these substances will be needed for cell growth & repair.

Question 11

Catabolism

Answer 11

the phase of metabolism in which complex compounds with in the cells are broken down into smaller ones. This process releases energy that is stored by special molecules to be used in muscle contractions, body secretions, or heat production.

Question 12

Tissues

Answer 12

a collection of similar cells that perform a particular function. Body tissue are composed of large amounts of water, along with various other substances. There are four types of tissue in the body - Connective, Epithelial, Muscular, and Nerve .

Question 13

Connective Tissue

Answer 13

supports and protects and binds together other tissues of the body. Examples are bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, fascia and fat and or adipose tissue. Collagen ans elastin are protein fibers located in connective tissue.

Question 14

Epithelial tissue

Answer 14

is a protective covering on surfaces. Examples are skin, mucous membranes, the lining of the heart, digestive, and respiratory organs and glands

Question 15

Muscular Tissue

Answer 15

contracts and moves the various parts of the body.

Question 16

Nerve Tissue

Answer 16

carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions. Composed of special cells known as neurons, which make up the nerves , brain, and spinal cord

Question 17

Organs

Answer 17

groups of tissues designed to perform a specific function

Question 18

Body systems

Answer 18

groups of bodily organs acting toether to perform one or more functions. the human body is composed of 11 major systems.