General Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

The study of the structures of the human body and the substances these structures are made of. It is the science of the interconnected detail of organisms, or of their parts

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

Is the study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s structures

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

Also known as microscopic anatomy, is the study of the structure and composition of tissue

Answer 3

Histology

Question 4

The basic units of all living things-from bacteria to plants, to animals, to human beings. Without ____, life does not exist.

Answer 4

Cells

Question 5

What is PROTOPLASM

Answer 5

A colorless, jelly like substance found inside cells in which food elements such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts & water are present. You can visualize the protoplasm of a cell being similar to the white of a raw egg.

Question 6

Is the dense, active protocols found in the center of the cell. It plays an important part in cell reproduction and metabolism. You can visualize the ________ as the yolk of a raw egg

Answer 6

Nucleus

Question 7

is what determines our genetic makeup, including the color of our eyes, skin and hair

Answer 7

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 8

The part of the protoplasm that exists outside of the nucleus and inside the cell wall. The protoplasm surrounds the nucleus and is needed for growth, reproduction, & self repair.

Answer 8

Cytoplasm

Question 9

Take in nutrients, break them down, and create energy for the cell. __________ work to keep the cell full of energy

Answer 9

Mitochondria

Question 10

Chemical energy used within the cells for metabolism

Answer 10

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 11

Or nerve cells (cells that transmit nerve impulses)

Answer 11

Neurons

Question 12

The part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave

Answer 12

Cell Membrane

Question 13

A chemical process that takes place in living organisms, through which the cells are nourished and carry out their activities

Answer 13

Metabolism

Question 14

Called constructive metabolism because it is process of combining smaller molecules to build larger and more complex molecules. During this process, the body focuses on storing water, food, and oxygen for a later time when these substances will be needed for cell growth, reproduction or repair

Answer 14

Anabolism

Question 15

The phase of metabolism in which larger, more complex molecules are broken down within the cells to create smaller, simpler molecules. As a result of this breakdown, energy is released so that it may be used or stored for later use.

Answer 15

Catabolism

Question 16

Why is cell metabolism something you should consider as a nail tech?

Answer 16

As a nail tech, cell metabolism is something you will consider when working on your clients arm, hands, legs, and feet. A clients response to different services and response to active ingredients in the skin care products you use will be influenced by the efficiency and speed of their metabolism

Question 17

A collection of similar cells that performs a specialized function

Answer 17

Tissue

Question 18

_________ ___________ are composed of large amounts of water, along with various other substances. The human body is about 60% water.

Answer 18

Body tissue

Question 19

Fibrous tissue that binds together, protects and supports the various parts of the body.

Example: bone; cartilage; ligaments; tendons; etc.

Answer 19

Connective tissue

Question 20

A protective covering on body surfaces.

Example: skin; mucous membranes; the tissue inside the mouth; etc.

Answer 20

Epithelial tissue

Question 21

Contracts and moved various parts of the body

Answer 21

Muscle tissue

Question 22

Carries messages through the central nervous system to control and coordinate all bodily functions.

Answer 22

Nerve tissue

Question 23

Controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body; works with the lymphatic channels

Example: heart with blood vessels

Answer 23

Circulatory

Question 24

Breaks down food into smaller and smaller particles to absorb nutrients or for excretion

Example: esophagus, stomach, liver, small and large intestines

Answer 24

Digestive

Question 25

Affects the growth development, sexual activity and normal regulatory processes of the body. consists of specialized glands Example

Answer 25

Adrenal glands, pituitary gland, pancreas

Question 26

Purifies the body by eliminating water matter Example:. Kidneys, bladder

Answer 26

Excretory

Question 27

Largest organ of the body, first line of defense against infection and water loss; regulates temperature, perceives sensation, produces vitamin d; and has absorption capabilities Examples; skin & accessory organs, such as oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors

Answer 27

Integumentary

Question 28

Protects the body from disease by developing resistances and destroying disease causing toxins foreign material and bacteria Examples; spleen and lymph

Answer 28

Lymphatic/Immune

Question 29

Covers, shapes and supports the skeletal tissue; contracts and moves various parts of the body Examples; muscles

Answer 29

Muscular

Question 30

Controls and coordinates all other body systems inside of the body and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently. Carries messages through the central nervous system Examples; brain, spinal cord, nerves

Answer 30

Nervous

Question 31

Produces offspring and passes on the genetic code from one generation to another; differentiates between the sexes Examples; uterus, ovaries, penis, testes

Answer 31

Reproductive

Question 32

Enables breathing, supplying the body with oxygen and eliminating carbon dioxide and other gases as waste products Examples; lungs, trachea, bronchi

Answer 32

Respiratory

Question 33

Forms the physical foundation of the body; 206 bones that are connected by moveable and immovable joints Examples; bones

Answer 33

Skeletal

Question 34

The physical foundation of the body

Answer 34

Skeletal system

Question 35

The study of anatomy, structure and function of the bones

Answer 35

Osteology

Question 36

Why is it important to understand the body’s skeletal structure and mechanics as a nail tech?

Answer 36

More than half of the bones in your entire body are found in your hands and feet, which are the support system for the entire body

Question 37

What are the 5 primary functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 37

1) giving shape and support to the body 2) protecting various internal structures and organs 3) serving attachments for muscles and act as levers to produce body movements 4) helping produce both white and red blood cells (one of the functions of bone marrow) 5) storing most of the body’s calcium supply as well as phosphorus, magnesium, and sodium

Question 38

The connection between 2 or more bones of the skeletal system

Answer 38

Joint

Question 39

A muscle that separates the fingers and toes

Answer 39

Abductor

Question 40

A muscle of the foot that separates the toes

Answer 40

Abductor digiti minimi

Question 41

A muscle of the foot that moves the great toe and helps maintain balance while walking and standing

Answer 41

Abductor hallucis

Question 42

The muscle at the base of each finger that draws the finger together

Answer 42

Adductor

Question 43

A chemical energy used within cells for metabolism

Answer 43

Adenosine triphosphate ATP

Question 44

The technical term for fat; it gives smoothness and contour to the body

Answer 44

Adipose tissue

Question 45

Glands that control metabolic processes of the body, including the fight or flight response

Answer 45

Adrenal gland

Question 46

Constructive metabolism; the process of combining smaller molecules to build larger and more complex molecules

Answer 46

Anabolism

Question 47

The study of the human body structure that can be seen with the naked eye as well as what the body is made up of; the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts

Answer 47

Anatomy

Question 48

Supplies blood to the lower leg muscles and to the muscles and skin on the top of the foot and adjacent sides of the first and second toes. This artery goes to the top of the foot and becomes the dorsalis pedis artery

Answer 48

Anterior tibial artery

Question 49

The largest artery in the body. The arterial trunk that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries throughout the body

Answer 49

Aorta

Question 50

Thick walled muscular and flexible tube that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the capillaries

Answer 50

Artery

Question 51

One of the two upper chambers of the heart, through which blood is pumped to the ventricles

Answer 51

Atrium

Question 52

The part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles and regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, and heart

Answer 52

Autonomic nervous system ANS

Question 53

The front part of the human trunk below the ribs, containing the stomach and bowels

Answer 53

Belly

Question 54

The muscle producing contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm; it lifts the forearm and flexes the elbow

Answer 54

Bicep

Question 55

Nutritive fluid circulating through the circulatory system (heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries) to supply oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues and to remove carbon dioxide and waste from them

Answer 55

Blood

Question 56

Group of structures (heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries) that distributes blood throughout the body

Answer 56

Blood vascular system

Question 57

A group of bodily organs acting together to perform one or more functions. The human body is composed of 11 major systems

Answer 57

Body system

Question 58

Part of the central nervous system contained in the cranium; the largest and most complex nerve tissue; controls sensation, muscles, gland activity, and the power to think and feel emotions

Answer 58

Brain

Question 59

A tiny, thin walled blood vessel that connects the smaller arteries to the veins

Answer 59

Capillary

Question 60

The involuntary muscle that is the heart. This type of muscle is not found in any other part of the body

Answer 60

Cardiac muscle

Question 61

The wrist; a flexible joint composed of a group of eight small, irregular bones held together by ligaments

Answer 61

Carpus

Question 62

The phase of metabolism in which larger, more complex molecules are broken down within the cells to create smaller, simpler molecules.

Answer 62

Catabolism

Question 63

The cell part that encloses and holds the protoplasm while still allowing soluble substances to enter and leave the cell

Answer 63

Cell membrane

Question 64

A division of the sciatic nerve that extends from behind the knee to wind around the head of the fibula to the front of the leg, where it divides into two branches

Answer 64

Common peroneal nerve

Question 65

The part of the protoplasm that exists outside of the nucleus and inside the cell wall; the protoplasm surrounds the nucleus and is needed for growth, reproduction, and self-repair

Answer 65

Cytoplasm

Question 66

Also known as the anterior tibial nerve ; extends down the front of the leg, behind the muscles. It supplies impulses to these muscles and also to the muscles and skin on the top of the foot and adjacent to the first and second toes

Answer 66

Deep peroneal nerve