general anatomy and positioning terminology Flashcards
what plane divides the body into front and back
coronal plane
which plane divides the body into left and right
sagittal plane
which plane divides the body into top and bottom
horizontal plane
give 2 examples of specialized planes
interiliac (above iliac crests) and occlusal (between teeth)
palmar
anterior part of hand
plantar
posterior side of foot (sole)
dorsal
anterior part of hand and foot, back
parietal
lining or wall of a body cavity
visceral
covering of an organ
ipsilateral
on the same side of the body
contralateral
on opposite sides of the body
what is the projection
path of CR from tube to IR
defined by entrance/exit
INDEOENDANT OF POSITION
what are the 5 essential projections?
AP, PA, axial, lateral, oblique
name 4 methods
coyle, holmblad, lauenstein, towne
what is the view
how the anatomy is seen by the IR
OPPOSITE OF PROJECTION
what is the difference between body position and radiographic position
body position is the general posture, radiographic position is how they are placed, relative to the IR
recumbent
lying down (in any position)
supine
on back, face up
prone
lying on stomach, face down
trendelenburg
supine with head downwards
fowler
supine with head upwards
sims
semi-prone on left anterior side
lithotomy
supine with knees and hips flexed, thighs abducted and rotated externally
what are the 4 oblique radiographic positions
RAO
LAO
LPO
RPO
how are oblique radiographic positions named
by what is against the IR
how are decubitus radiographic positions named?
by what is against THE TABLE
what are the 3 decubitus positions
L/R lateral
ventral
dorsal
lordotic position
upright, patient leaning backwards
how many bones are in the human body
206
why do bones show up on radiographs
bones are the densest tissue, and so will absorb more radiation
what in long bones changes from developing to fully developed
the epiphyseal plate turns into an epiphyseal line
sthenic
average
asthenic
does not exist (super slim)
hypostenic
smaller than usual
hypersthenic
larger than usual
why do we need a minimum of 2 projections
removes superimposition
determines alignment of fractures and foreign bodies
what requires 3 projections
joints
what 2 markers are required
anatomic marker (L/R)
patient ID and site (digital)
which body parts are the exceptions to hanging in anatomical position
fingers to forearms
feet and toes
