General Anatomy Flashcards
What is the study of the structures of the human body called?
Anatomy
Anatomy focuses on the physical structure of the body.
What is the study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s structures?
Physiology
Physiology examines how different systems in the body work and interact.
What is the study of the structure and composition of tissue?
Histology
Histology involves microscopic examination of tissues.
Cells are responsible for _____
carrying on all life processes
Cells perform essential functions necessary for life.
What plays an important part in cell mutation and replenishment?
The nucleus
The nucleus is essential for genetic material and cell regulation.
Mitochondria work to keep the cell full of _______.
energy
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
Neurons are cells that transmit _______.
nerve impulses
Neurons are specialized cells responsible for carrying information throughout the body.
Mitosis is the process through which the cell divides into two identical cells, called _______ cells.
daughter
Daughter cells are the result of cell division during mitosis.
What is a chemical process through which the cells are nourished and carry out their activities?
Metabolism
Metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism.
This system includes the adrenal gland, pituitary gland, and pancreas: _______.
endocrine
The endocrine system is responsible for hormone production and regulation.
This system affects the growth and development, sexual activities, and normal regulatory processes of the body: _______.
endocrine
The endocrine system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis.
This system includes the kidneys and the bladder: _______.
excretory
The excretory system is involved in waste elimination and fluid balance.
The largest organ of the body is part of this body system: _______.
integumentary
The integumentary system includes the skin, which is the largest organ.
The spleen and lymph are the organs that make up the lymphatic system and their function is to: _______.
protect the body from disease
The lymphatic system plays a critical role in the immune response.
The nervous system includes which organs? _______.
brain
The brain is the central organ of the nervous system, controlling most bodily functions.
Fill in the blank: The _______ system is responsible for hormone production.
endocrine
Hormones regulate various bodily functions and processes.
List two organs included in the excretory system.
- kidneys
- bladder
These organs are essential for filtering blood and excreting waste.
The reproductive system includes which of the following organs?
uterus, ovaries, penis, testes
The reproductive system is responsible for producing offspring and includes organs specific to male and female anatomy.
The respiratory system enables this organ to enable breathing:
lungs
The lungs are essential for gas exchange, allowing oxygen to enter the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to be expelled.
The _______ system forms the physical foundation of the body.
skeletal
The skeletal system provides structure, support, and protection for the body’s organs.
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?
storing most of the body’s blood supply
The skeletal system primarily provides shape, support, and protection, and aids in blood cell production, but does not store blood.
The uppermost and largest bone of the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder is the _______.
humerus
The humerus is the long bone in the upper arm that connects the shoulder to the elbow.
What does the circulatory system include?
blood vessels and the heart
The circulatory system is responsible for transporting blood, nutrients, gases, and waste products throughout the body.
Which glands are part of the endocrine system?
adrenal gland, pituitary gland, and pancreas
The endocrine system regulates various functions including metabolism, growth, and sexual development through hormone secretion.
This system affects growth and development, sexual activities, and normal regulatory processes of the body: _______
endocrine
Which system includes the kidneys and the bladder?
excretory
The excretory system is responsible for removing waste products from the body and regulating water balance.
What is the largest organ of the body part of?
integumentary system
The integumentary system includes the skin, which serves as a barrier protecting the body from external damage.
The spleen and lymph are the organs that make up which system?
lymphatic system
The lymphatic system plays a vital role in immune function and fluid balance in the body.
What is the function of the spleen and lymph in the lymphatic system?
protect the body from disease
The lymphatic system helps in the defense against pathogens and the maintenance of fluid levels.
The nervous system includes which organ?
brain
The nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals between different parts of the body and coordinating responses.
True or False: The digestive system is responsible for growth and development.
False
The endocrine system, not the digestive system, primarily regulates growth and development.
The respiratory system enables this organ to enable breathing:
lungs
The lungs are essential for gas exchange, allowing oxygen to enter the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to be expelled.
The _______ system forms the physical foundation of the body.
skeletal
The skeletal system provides structure, support, and protection for the body’s organs.
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?
storing most of the body’s blood supply
The skeletal system primarily provides shape, support, and protection, and helps produce blood cells, but does not store blood.
A joint is a connection between _______ of the skeleton.
two or more bones
Joints allow for movement and flexibility in the skeletal system.
The uppermost and largest bone of the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder is the _______.
humerus
The humerus is the long bone in the upper arm that connects the elbow to the shoulder.
The longer bone of the forearm is the _______
humerus
The humerus is the bone of the upper arm, while the radius and ulna are the bones of the forearm.
The shorter of the two bones of the forearm is the _______
radius
The radius is located on the same side as the thumb, while the ulna is the longer bone on the opposite side.
The _______ is a flexible joint composed of a group of eight small irregular bones held together by ligaments.
carpus
The carpus, or wrist, consists of eight carpal bones that allow for a wide range of motion.
The bones of the palm of the hand are referred to as the _______.
metacarpus
The metacarpus consists of five metacarpal bones that connect the wrist to the fingers.
The bones of the leg include the _______.
femur, tibia, and fibula
The femur is the thigh bone, while the tibia and fibula are the two bones of the lower leg.
The femur is described as _______.
a heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee
The femur is the longest bone in the human body and supports the weight of the body during movement.
