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TCA 11 - Anaemia > General anaemia > Flashcards

General anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common signs of anaemia?

A
  • Fatigue
  • Weakness
  • Pale or yellowish skin
  • Irregular heartbeats
  • SOB
  • Dizziness or light-headedness
  • Chest pain
  • Cold hands and feet
  • Headache
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2
Q

What is anaemia?

A

Drop in Hb below the normal range appropriate for the patient as for age, gender and race

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3
Q

What are the basic lab test you would perform when suspecting anaemia?

A
  • Haematocrit
  • Hb
  • MCV
  • MCH
  • MCHC
  • Reticulocyte count
  • Blood film
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4
Q

What causes microcytic RBCs?

A 
TAILS
o	T - Thalassaemia
o	A - Anaemia of chronic disease 
o	I - Iron-deficiency anaemia
o	L - Lead poisoning 
o	S - Sideroblastic anaemia
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5
Q

What causes normocytic RBCs?

A 
o	Acute blood loss
o	Anaemia of chronic disease
o	Bone marrow failure
o	Renal failure
o	Hypothyroidism
o	Haemolysis
o	Pregnancy
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6
Q

What causes macrocytic RBCs?

A

MEGALOBLASTIC
o B12 or folate deficiency

NORMOBLASTIC
o	Alcohol excess/liver disease
o	Reticulocytosis
o	Cytotoxic (hydroxycarbamide) and antifolate drugs
o	Myelodysplastic syndromes)
o	Marrow infiltration
o	Hypothyroidism
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7
Q

What does a hypochromic RBC look like?

A

Area of central pallor >33% the diameter of the cell

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8
Q

How big should a normal RBC be on a blood film?

A

Roughly the same diameter as a small lymphocyte’s nucleus

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9
Q

What does a spherocytic RBC look like?

A

Small, deep pink cells with no central pallor

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10
Q

When would you transfuse a patient?

A

Hb <70 g/L

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11
Q

What does kolionychia indicate?

A

Iron-deficiency anaemia

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12
Q

What does angular cheilitis indicate?

A
  • B12
  • Folate
  • IDA
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13
Q

What does atrophic glossitis indicate?

A

B12 or iron-deficiency anaemia

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14
Q

What does brittle hair and nails indicate?

A

Iron-deficiency anaemia

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15
Q

What does jaundice indicate?

A

Haemolytic anaemia

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16
Q

What do bone deformities indicate?

A

Thalassaemia

17
Q

What does oedema, HTN and excoriations of the skin indicate?

A

CKD

18
Q

When do cell divisions of the developing erythrocyte stop?

A

When the MCH is reached and the nucleus is extruded

19
Q

What cause microcytic RBCs?

A

Reduction of Hb inside the developing erythrocyte encourages more cell divisions than normal
Erythrocyte becomes smaller

20
Q

What causes macrocytic RBCs?

A

Anything that delays nuclear development means that fewer cell divisions take place before the final MCH is attained
Erythrocyte is larger

21
Q

What are the 3 haematinic deficiencies?

A
  1. Iron
  2. B12
  3. Folate

TCA 11 - Anaemia (5 decks)

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