General Acid-Base Disorders Flashcards
at what pH is someone considered acidotic?
pH<7.35
at what pH is someone considered alkalotic?
pH >7.45
normal range of pCO2?
35-45 mmHg
normal [HCO3-]?
22-29
normal anion gap?
8-12mEq/L
what is the anion gap?
it’s the difference between the measured anions and cations electrolytes
can be in blood or in serum
what does a high serum anion gap tell us?
there is a metabolic acidosis because there are more cations in the system than anions than normal
bc equation is cations - anions = anion gap
what does a small anion gap tell us?
an anion gap below the normal tells us that there are more anions in the blood vs cations
explain the pCO2 and [HCO3-] for respiratory acidosis and its potential compensation
increase CO2 = pH <7.35
metabolic alkalosis compensation - kidneys reabsorb more bicarb
explain the pCO2 and [HCO3-] for respiratory alkalosis and its potential compensation
decrease CO2 = pH >7.45
metabolic acidosis to compensate excretes more bicarb in urine
explain the pCO2 and [HCO3-] for metabolic acidosis and its potential compensation
decreased bicarb = pH <7.35
respiratory alkalosis to compensate - hyperventilation to remove more CO2
explain the pCO2 and [HCO3-] for metabolic alkalosis and its potential compensation
increased bicarb = pH >7.45
resp acidosis to compensate and increase CO2 and decrease the pH back to normal - hypoventilation
what are 4 general causes for metabolic acidosis?
metabolic acidosis: decrease in bicarb
- increased H+ production
- ingestion of acid
- decreased renal acid excretion
- GI or renal bicarb loss
what are 2 general causes of metabolic alkalosis?
metabolic alkalosis: increase in bicarb
- loss of acid
- bicarb retention
