general about WTo Flashcards
What is FTA, BITs and Trips
FTA: Free trade association
BITs: bilateral investments and trade treaties
TRIPS: about intellectual property
What is GATT compared to WTO
WTO is a organization, while the GATT is a treaty.
Gatt was signed after WW2. WTO was signed after the collapse of Sovjet. There were needs to expand the trade regulation, and WTO, as a organization, are much more adaptive, since it can follow the development in the world which a treaty is not capable of doing.
What is the WTO most important principle?
MFN: every member state of the WTO must treat all other member states with the same terms as their most favoured nation.
The principles does not ban customs or taxation, but makes sure that trade measures are not discriminating some countries, which is very important for the world of trade.
What is TBT?
Technical barriers to Trade
- The tbt agreement is outside the GATT, and it´s objective is that it should not be possible to escape the MFN by putting rules on the characteristics of the products, without a relevant purpose.
- Rules that requires products to have certain characteristics to be sold in that spisific country, with no justifiable reason.
Sort of a rule on the characteristics to hide the fact that the country is trying to protect their own producers, or to favour some other countries.
To get rid of TBT is not only good for non-discrimination, but also for effectiveness and production costs. A producer that have to produce products with different characteristics following the different rules in each country, will have a higher production price.
What is the AOA
Agreement on agriculture:
Agriculture are important to the countries because they want to protect their own farmers, and common treaties are difficult to negotiate.
The countries managed to do something, which is AOA, but a AOA do not contain the same freedoms as other products.
What is the Precautinary principle? (kanskje EU)
What is EFSA (EU)
How does the rapid alert system work
- Network member notice a risk for human health
- Imeadiatly notifies the commission
- Commission transmit info to the network
- EFSA and member states make rapid, appropriate risk management action .
