General Flashcards
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A) When and
B) why are axle or suspension locks fitted to most mobile cranes?
A) Are blocked for free-on-wheels duties and blocked wheels duties.
B) are blocked so the axles suspension forms part of the cranes overall ballast.
List SIX typical subject areas that should be covered in a site induction.
1) first aid
2) escape routes
3) lifting operations
4) working at heights
5) site layout and welfare facilities
6) working in confined spaces
7) method statements
Why must a crane driver never try and drag a load?
Because it can induce side loading on the boom(for which it wasn’t designed) and can cause structural failure
What are the THREE actions or stages that a crane operator undertakes during pre use inspections?
1) carry out the checks according to manafacturers requirements(as a minimum)
2) record when the checks have been done
3) report all defects immaediately
During the lifting operation part of the task cannot be carried out as detailed in the lift plan.
A) What initially must happen to the lifting operation and
B) who authorises any changes
A) The operator must stop until the plan is amended
B) the appointed person
On a tower crane, where must the load radius diagram be located and
B) what information must it contain
A) At the base of the crane
B) it has to show the SWL at various radii and the number of falls
Who is responsible for providing the contractor with written details of the work to be done
The Employing Organisation as in BS 7121 parts 1 and 3
Who has overall control of the lifting operation
The appointed person
To whom should the appointed person give all details involving the lifting operation
To the crane supervisor and all parties involved in that lifting operation
If setting up to lift loads near a pedestrianised area, what main factor needs to be taken into account
Physical segregation of pedestrians from overhead loads
State the safe procedure to be followed before lifting or lowering a load down a shaft or excavation
The empty hook must be lowered down to working level and the hoist drum checked for sufficient turns on the drum
Name TWO duties of the crane operator
1) setup and operate crane according to manafacturers instructions
2) implement the lift plan and safe system of work
In which applications are single leg slings rated with their SWL(WLL)
Only when used vertically
State SIX environmental factors that can effect an external lifting operation
1) wind
2) fog
3) mist
4) excessive rain
5) thunder
6) lightning
7) storms
8) ice and snow
Name FOUR items that must be recorded when a thorough examination on a lifting appliance has been carried out
- name and address of employer
- location of the examination
- tester
- crane model and type
- SWL
- defects…(all listed in schedule 1 of LOLER 98)
How can a qualification or card benefit a crane supervisor
The crane supervisor can prove his skills, have better prospects of employment and promotion
Two cranes are working in the same vicinity and encroach the operating radius of each. What actions would the lift plan or method statement normally specify
Coordination of the two cranes via the crane supervisor or crane coordinator and possibly limits on slewing
A tower crane has been delivered to site, assembled and configured for lifting. What must be carried out before lifting starts and by whom
The crane must be inspected/examined before use by an authorised and competent person
Define the word radius
The horizontal distance between the points at which the center of rotation meets the ground and the vertical center line passing through the load lifting attachment
Name THREE ways that a crane supervisor can contribute in ensuring repeat business with the client or principal contractor
1) compliance with the method statement
2) cooperation with the workforce
3) safe working practices
If a crane is out of level, what effect will it have on the radius
It will either increase or decrease the radius
A) What determines the minimum distances that any part of plant and machinery has to be kept from overhead electricity lines and
B) explain why a distance should be kept
A) The amount of voltage that runs through the electricity lines and the support used for the electricity lines(wooden poles or metal poles)
B) because the electricity can arch or jump gaps
Give TWO methods of obtaining the center of gravity on an unbalanced load
1) calculation
2) trial lift
To lift a load of 12tonnes on a two point lift using single leg slings, what is the required SWL for each sling with an included angle of 87 degrees? Explain your calculation
To lift a load of 12tonnes using single leg slings at an angle not exceeding 90 degrees. Weight of the load, divided by 1.4(mode factor) :12 tonnes/1.4=8.57 tonnes minimum capacity for each sling
Name TWO possible penalties for not following legal requirements when using a crane.
1) prosecution
2) fines
3) HSE Prohibition notice
What are the types of warning that an RCI will indicate
Amber and red light and external alarm
If radios are to be used during the lifting operations, what FIVE actions and checks must be made before use
1) check if parts involved know how to use them
2) check if batteries will last for the duration of the operation or spare batteries are supplied
3) check if all involved in the lifting are on the same frequency
4) check if the signal strength is sufficient
5) check the frequency is clear from outside interference
The operator has a new model of crane that they are unfamiliar with. What do regulations(LOLER 98)and other guidance require the operator to have
The operator is required to have the correct instruction, training and up to date information on that particular machine
How long is a thorough examination for a lifting accessory valid for
6 months
Give THREE examples of how excessive rain can effect an external lifting operation when using a mobile crane
1) excessive rain can cause the ground to soften reducing the crane support
2) affect visibility
3) cause slippery conditions
What is the definition of, or how can a hazard be described
A hazard is a setting where exists a risk to property, envirement, health or life
What advantage is there in increasing the number of falls on a hook block
Can allow heavier loads to be lifted within the confines of the crane duties chart
State why there must be a safe system of work
It is a LEGAL requirement under the HASWA 1974
Describe how to calculate the area of support beneath a crane outrigger, which gives maximum possible safeguards against ground subsidence
Weight of the crane plus weight of the load and as the crane slews over each outrigger this is the maximum feasible point loading,
To calculate the actual minimum outrigger area needed, actual maximum permissable ground load needs to be known, divide this into the crane and load weight which gives the minimum number of square feet outrigger mat needed under each outrigger
Name THREE ways in which a operator can minimize their impact upon the envirement whilst using a crane
1) efficient use
2) well maintained crane
3) correct disposal of waste
4) no fluid spillages
5) prior planning of work to maximizer efficiency
Explain the difference between an employing and user organisation
The Employing Organisation requires the load to be lifted and may simply hire a crane, they plan and manage the lift themselves, or enter into a contract with another party who becomes the User organisation and plan and manage the lifting operation on behalf of the employing organization
Identify FOUR requirements for ensuring the stability of mobile cranes on site
1) firm level standing
2) all outriggers extended accordingly
3) crane level both longitudally and transversally
4) all wheels clear of the ground
5) crane cannot be overloaded
If a heavy load is being slewed at to a high speed over at least 180 degrees, what two factors must the operator and signaller take into account
The length of time or distance needed to stop the slew and the expected load swing
Name five requirements that must be followed if accessing the end of the jib for maintenance purposes
1) training and authorization to access
2) harnessing suitable for that operation
3) correct fitting of the harness
4) are there jib walkways provided
5) retrieval/recovery systems in place
Name THREE factors that determine the SWL of the crane
1) length of the boom
2) radius
3) boom angle
4) counterweight
5) outrigger spread
6) stability
7) structural strength
Name FOUR different types or levels of disciplinary action or sanctions that can be applied(by employers and judicial bodies) to operators of plant who do not comply with, or follow legislation and regulations
1) verbal warnings
2) written warnings
3) loss of job
4) prosecution
5) fine
6) prison sentence
What is the maximum angle that a bow shackle used as a pair on a crane hook can be used at
Maximum included angle of 90 degrees
If a mobile crane on blocked duties is slewing through 180degrees and is unladen, what can cause a change of ground loading in each stabilizer
As the crane slews the counterweight changes position and increase the ground loading on the stabilisers over which passes
Where should the crane operates manual be kept and why
The operates manual should be kept in the machine in a safe place where the operate has easy access
Which part of BS 7121 is specific to mobile cranes
Part 3
A) What is meant by the lifting capacity of the crane and
B) who determines it
A) The maximum lifting capacity of the crane for a particular configuration
B) the crane manafacturer
Name a design of accessory hook that is exempt from being fitted with a safety catch
A C hook also known as a Cargo of Liverpool hook
What do the work at height regulations require of crane supervisors
Control measures in place to ensure that the operators are not at risk of falling
List TWO methods of obtaining the accurate weight of a load
1) tare sheet
2) manafacturers data
3) do a trial lift using a weight load cell
4) calculation with known size and density
How does the deflection of the boom on a mobile crane or jib affect the lift
The boom deflection can cause an increase in the radius
Explain the purpose of the over hoist limit switch
The over hoist limit switch prevents the hook block from striking the boom head and sheaves
Why is it important to ensure the wheels are clear of the ground when outriggers are employed
Wheels and axles are part of the cranes dead weight and affect the total load movement of the crane if supported by the ground
What is the purpose of a risk assessement
The purpose of a risk assessment is to identify and place control measures on hazards
A) What is the purpose of a method statement and
B) what is required of the operator
A) a method statement describes how the work will be done safely and efficiently
B) the operate must be compliant with the method statement
According to BS 7121 part 1
A)what is the minimum number of allowable turns on the hoist drum and
B) who decides the actual minimum for a given model of crane
A) The minimum allowable is 2
B)the manafacturer
What does the health and safety at work act require employers to do with regards specifically to plant
The employer must ensure the plant is safe and maintained
How is the SWL/WLL/rated capacity for multi leg slings determined
By the Uniform Load method
What 3 main duties of the health and safety act must employees follow
1) protect themselves and others who may be effected by there acts or emissions
2) cooperate with the employer
3) avoid interference, intentially or recklessly with anything provided for safety
A replacement crane driver has been supplied to continue the lift. What must they be made aware of before further lifting can take place
They must be made aware of the lift plan and current situation of the lift
What is the minimum. Recommended distance that is allowed between the counterweight of the crane and another object/structure
Minimum 600mm
What is a Load Radius indicator
A device fitted to a crane that shows the radius at which the crane is operating and its corresponding maximum SWL(WLL) (BS 7121 Part 3 sec 8.8.2)
If the operate has to leave the cab of a crane for a short period, state at least 2 actions that must be taken before they leave
1) cab power supply must be isolated
2) all controls locked
State the maximum recommended angle for single leg slings when used as a pair
Maximum angle 90degrees
What is the difference between a contract lift and a standard crane hire
1) on a contract lift the crane hire company both plans and supervises the lifting operation.
2) on a standard crane hire the operator is handed instructions and lifting heights
What are the possible outcomes if facing prosecution for not complying with legislation and regulations
If facing prosecution there are two possible outcomes
1) you can prove that you fulfilled the legal requirements and you are probably going to be found not guilty
2) you are found guilty and face a prison sentence or a substantial fine
List 4 items to be found on a chain sling inspection cert
1) date
2) id number
3) description of item
4) SWL of item
What is the factor of safety when lifting perzonnel
2:1 according to (BS 7121 Part 3 Annex d. 3.1)
When a crane company hires out a crane, name 2 main legal requirements the hire company must meet regarding the crane and driver
1) a competent trained driver
2) in date certification
