General

Question 1

s/s of hyperthyroidism

Answer 1

Increased PTH levels resulting in increased blood calcium level and decreased bone mineralization with increased fracture risk and decreased kidney function, hypertension and bony pain
S/S:
•Unintentional weight loss, even when your appetite and food intake stay the same or increase
•Tachycardia
•Arrhythmia
•Pounding of your heart (palpitations)
•Increased appetite
•Nervousness, anxiety and irritability
•Tremor — usually a fine trembling in your hands and fingers
•Sweating
•Increased sensitivity to heat
•diarrhea
•An enlarged thyroid gland (goiter), which may appear as a swelling at the base of your neck
•Fatigue, muscle weakness
•Difficulty sleeping
•Skin thinning
• Fine, brittle hair

Graves disease is an autoimmune disease that causes hyperthyroidism: s/s also include protruding eyes and other eye issue such as dry or teary, red/swollen, light sensitivity, double vision

Question 2

S/S of hypothyroidism

Answer 2

• Fatigue
• Increased sensitivity to cold
• Constipation
• Dry skin
• Weight gain
• Puffy face
• Hoarseness
• Muscle weakness
• Elevated blood cholesterol level
• Muscle aches, tenderness and stiffness
• Pain, stiffness or swelling in your joints
• Thinning hair
• Bradycardia
• Depression
• Impaired memory
• Enlarged thyroid gland (goiter)
• delayed DTR
• nonpitting edema of the eyelids, hands, and feet

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis autoimmune diseas that commonly causes hypothyroidism

Question 3

Acromegaly

Answer 3

Due to hyperpituitarism and excessive growth hormone production with bone growth enlargement of hands, face, and feet, oligomenorrhea (condition in which you have infrequent menstrual periods) and amenorrhea (absence of period) in women, hypertension, headaches, paresthesia of hands and carpal tunnel

Question 4

Cholecystitis

Answer 4

acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder. Signs and symptoms include severe right upper quadrant abdominal pain with possible referral to intrascapular area, nausea and vomiting

Question 5

IBS

Answer 5

Inconsistent motility of the large bowel (constipation or diarrhea) , Dx: includes abdominal pain that is present for at least 3 days a month in the past three months

Question 6

BPH Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 6

Signs and symptoms include frequency of micturition, urgency, decreased force of urinary stream, hesitancy, postvoid dribble and nocturia

Question 7

Addison’s disease

Answer 7

Adrenocorticotropic hormone overproduction by the pituitary gland increasing serum cortisol, which is a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal glands, Signs and symptoms include truncal obesity with thin extremities, moon face, easy bruising, hirsutism (xcessive growth of dark or coarse hair in a male-like pattern — face, chest and back), hypertension, osteoporosis, peripheral muscle wasting glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus

Question 8

Hepatitis

Answer 8

Signs and symptoms of malaise, anorexia, jaundice, dark colored urine. There are vaccinations for HAV, HBV and HDV.

Question 9

Cushings disease

Answer 9

Cushing syndrome occurs when your body is exposed to high levels of the hormone cortisol for a long time. Cushing syndrome, sometimes called hypercortisolism, may be caused by the use of oral corticosteroid medication. The condition can also occur when your body makes too much cortisol on its own.
hallmark signs of Cushing syndrome — a fatty hump between your shoulders, a rounded face, and pink or purple stretch marks on your skin. Cushing syndrome can also result in high blood pressure, bone loss and, on occasion, type 2 diabetes, muscle weakness, severe fatigue, emotional lability.