General Flashcards
Name the bones of the carpus
Pisiform Trapezoid Triquetrum Lunate Capitate Hamate Trapezium Schaphoid
Two surfaces of the hand and their purpose
Palmar surface moulds round objects
Dorsal surface stretches to allow flexion and extension
How do you find flexor Carpi radialis
Radially deviate hand and lift
How do you find palmaris longus?
Hand in cup shape and lift
How do you find flexor digitorum superficialis?
Curl fingers around object and lift hand
How do you find flexor Carpi ulnaris?
Ulnar deviate and lift hand
Describe process of gripping
Open hand- extensors and abductors contract concentrically
Take hold- flexors and abductors contract concentrically
Hold- flexors and abductors work isometrically
Letting go- flexors and abductors contract concentrically
What is quevains syndrome
Inflammation of outer layer of tendon
What is boutonnere deformity
Rupture of Extensor hood mechanism
Name the three parts of the phalange
Distal phalange
Middle phalange
Proximal phalange
What is the carpal tunnel?
A tunnel formed by the arrangement of the carpal bones
What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
Impingement of the median nerve causing sensory/motor symptoms within the carpal tunnel region of the hand
Symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?
Sensory symptoms on anterior side of thumb, index, middle and radial half of ring finger
Weakness of intrinsic thenar muscles of thumb
Proximal row of carpal bones
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
Wrist joint
Radiocarpal joint- distal end of radius articulates with proximal row of carpal bones
Ulna does not directly articulate with carpal bones due to soft tissue structures between them
However ulnocarpal joint does transmit 20% of load from hand to forearm when compression forces occur through the wrist
Motion at radiocarpal and midcarpal joints
Flexion and extension of the hand Flexion greater at radiocarpal joint Extension greater at midcarpal joint Radial and ulnar deviation Radial deviation greater at midcarpal joint
Why is radial deviation limited?
Due to the impingement of the carpus against the styloid process of the radius
Ulnar deviation not as limited as the styloid process of the ulna is located posteriorly
Radioulnar disc
Also known as triangular fibrocartilage
Adds stability to radiocarpal joint
Transverse carpal ligament
forms roof of carpal tunnel
encloses and stabilises carpal tunnel
also functions as a retinaculum for the extrinsic finger flexor muscles of the forearm
Extrinsic ligaments
Attach onto forearm bone/s and attach distally onto carpal bones
stabilize the radiocarpal joint
Dorsal radiocarpal ligament, palmar radiocarpal ligament, radial collateral ligament and ulnar collateral ligament
Dorsal radiocarpal ligament
located posterior side from radius to carpal bones
limits full flexion
Palmar radiocarpal ligament
involves 3 ligaments
located anterior side from radius to carpal bones
limits full extension
Radial collateral ligament
located from radius to carpal bones
limits ulnar deviation
Ulnar collateral ligament
located from ulnar to carpal bones
limits radial deviation
