General

Question 1

Withdrawal of which of the following hormones results in menstruation?
A. Estrogen
B. FSH
C. LH
D. Progesterone

Answer 1

D. Progesterone

Question 2

Immunization to produce antibodies that would bind to FSH and negate its activity is being investigated as a potential male contraceptive. Men immunized in this manner would exhibit \_\_\_\_.
A. decreased hypothalamic GnRH secretion
B. decreased serum inhibin levels
C. decreased testosterone levels
D. elevated serum LH

Answer 2

B. decreased serum inhibin levels

Question 3

The two essential hormones for the production of sperm (spermatogenesis) are _____.
A. LH and testosterone
B. FSH and androgen binding protein (ABP)
C. FSH and testosterone
D. Testosterone and androgen binding protein (ABP)

Answer 3

C. FSH and testosterone

Question 4

In males and females, secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) by the pituitary is regulated by ____.
A. Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
B. Inhibin B
C. Somatostatin
D. Testosterone

Answer 4

A. Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Question 5

In a female patient with an inactivating mutation of the estrogen receptor genes (both alpha and beta), one would expect _____.
A. low progesterone receptor number in breast tissue.
B. high plasma estrogen concentration.
C. no mid-cycle LH and FSH surge.
D. A, B and C

Answer 5

D. A, B and C

Question 6

Steroid hormones such as estrogen and progesterone _____.
A. freely diffuse through cell membranes.
B. bind to plasma membrane receptors.
C. are stored in secretory vesicles.
D. are secreted in a circadian manner dependent on sleep-wake cycles.
E. A, B, C and D

Answer 6

A. freely diffuse through cell membranes.

Question 7

In the first 8 days of the menstrual cycle, how does estrogen affect the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary?
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. No change

Answer 7

B. Decrease

Question 8

In the male and female gonad ____ is converted to estrogen by aromatase activity.

Answer 8

androgen

Question 9

What hormone does kisspeptin regulate?

Answer 9

GnRH is regulated by kisspeptin

Question 10

What enzyme is important for the conversion of androgen to DHT?

Answer 10

5 alpha- reductase is needed to convert testosterone to di hydrotestosterone (DHT).

Question 11

Puberty does not normally occur in humans under the age of 8 years, because before that age:

a. the ovaries and testes can not secrete gonadal steroids ✘ 0.00
b. the hypothalamus is very sensitive to negative feedback by gonadal steroids
c. the pituitary secretes excess amounts of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)
d. the hypothalamus is unresponsive to gonadal steroids

Answer 11

d. the hypothalamus is unresponsive to gonadal steroids

Question 12

In both sexes, the secretory and gametogenic functions of the gonads are dependent on:

a. FSH and androgen binding protein
b. GnRH and androgen binding protein
c. GnRH, FSH and LH
d. FSH, LH and ACTH

Answer 12

c. GnRH, FSH and LH

Question 13

If the progesterone receptor gene is inactive in a female of reproductive age, you would expect:

a. decreased expression of estrogen receptors in the uterus
b. no change in the expression of estrogen receptors in the uterus
c. increased expression of estrogen receptors in the uterus

Answer 13

c. increased expression of estrogen receptors in the uterus?

Question 14

In female humans, the spike of FSH and LH secretions at mid cycle is due to a positive feedback by:

a. gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)
b. progesterone
c. estrogen and progesterone
d. estrogen

Answer 14

d. estrogen

Question 15

After binding follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), granulosa cells surrounding the ovum increase expression of FSH receptors on their cell surface. This is an example of:

a. positive feedback
b. feed- forward control
c. tonic control
d. negative feedback

Answer 15

a. positive feedback

Question 16

nactivation of the estrogen receptor in a human male would:

a. decrease bone density (osteoporosis).
b. prevent closure of the epiphyseal plate leading to excess height.
c. accelerate closure of the epiphyseal plate restricting height.

Answer 16

b. prevent closure of the epiphyseal plate leading to excess height.

Question 17

In men, an inactivating mutation in the LH receptor would most likely cause:

a. low Sertoli cell count.
b. low circulating testosterone levels and an absence of secondary male characteristics.
c. low circulating testosterone levels but no change in intra-testicular testosterone levels. ✘ 0.00
d. no changes in Sertoli cell counts due to increased circulating FSH.

Answer 17

d. no changes in Sertoli cell counts due to increased circulating FSH. ?

Question 18

High levels of testosterone were administered in a clinical trial to evaluate the action of excess testosterone in normal males. The results showed that treated males had:

a. decreased sperm count
b. increased secretion of testosterone by the testes
c. decreased levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) ✘ 0.00
d. increased sperm count

Answer 18

a. decreased sperm count

Question 19

f an XY individual has a mutation that inactivates the testosterone receptor:
Your Answer Score Explanation
a. the adult phenotype will be female.
b. the adult phenotype will be male.

Answer 19

a. the adult phenotype will be female.

Question 20

n the male, inhibin provides a negative feedback signal which regulates:

a. LH ONLY
b. GnRH ONLY ✘ 0.00
c. FSH ONLY
d. LH, FSH and GnRH

Answer 20

d. LH, FSH and GnRH?