GENERAL Flashcards
A basin (with or without a permanent pool) which is intended to TEMPORARILY HOLD surface runoff for the purpose of controlling both the DISCHARGE RATE and the RUNOFF VOLUME leaving the site or watershed. There is usually some min. storage component where the water can only leave the basin via infiltration or evaporation.
Detention Basin
A basin (with or without a permanent pool) which is intended to HOLD surface runoff for the purpose of controlling both the DISCHARGE RATE and the RUNOFF VOLUME leaving the site or watershed. There is usually some min. storage component where the water can only leave the basin via infiltration or evaporation.
Retention Basin
A line of elevations which are higher than elevations on either side. These often define watersheds
Ridge
A line of elevations which are lower than elevations on either side. These often define stream channels or flow lines for watersheds.
Valley
An area bounded by ridges having a single outlet from which water can flow. All water flowing or landing as rainfall within the watershed will eventually exit at the outlet.
Watershed
The largest flow that leaves the watershed through the course of a storm event.
Peak Flow
LF in a mile
5,280 LF
SF in an acre
43,560 SF
CF in a CY
27 CF
10-20 minute walk
1/2 mile
5-10 minute walk
1/4 mile
A zoning tool to augment or modify existing or primary zones in specific locations
Zoning Overlay
A zoning tool to augment or modify existing or primary zones in specific locations
Zoning Overlay
TOD Zone A
TRANSIT HUB
1) Adjacent to transit station - max 1/8 mile radius
2) High density
3) Attached, multi-level bldgs; mixed use; retail + service
4) Res. density: 30-75 DU/acre
TOD Zone B
CORE AREA
1) Max 1/4 mile radius from transit hub
2) High to medium density
3) Attached, multi-level bldgs; some detached bldgs on small lots
4) Res. density: 15-30 DU/acre
TOD Zone C
SUPPORTING AREA
1) Between 1/4 - 1/2 mile radius from transit hub
2) Med. density
3) Detached compact bldgs on small-med lots
4) Res. density: 12-24 DU/acre
TOD Zone C
SUPPORTING AREA
1) Between 1/4 - 1/2 mile radius from transit hub
2) Med. density
3) Detached compact bldgs on small-med lots
4) Res. density: 12-24 DU/acre
Smart Growth
Multi-modal transportation & walkable cities
Products with a low total energy requirement for production and installation during all stages of the life cycle
Low Embodied Energy Products
Locally sourced (max. distance)
500 mile radius
note: heavy materials - aggregate, stone, brick, concrete - should be procured from even closer locations
The energy used to run the fixtures of a project
Operating Energy
Benefits of Green Roofs (5)
1) retain and filter stormwater
2) help mitigate heat island
3) insulate buildings
4) improve air quality
5) cool air through evapotranspiration
PBT
Persistent bioaccumulative toxins; will accumulate in fatty tissue of organisms, don’t break down, and move up the food chain
Sustainable Plan Maintenance considerations
1) Require little-to-no fertilizers, pesticides
2) Do not require fuel-powered machines to maintain
3) IPM
IPM Principles (5)
Integrated Pest Management:
1) IDENTIFY pests, their hosts and beneficial organisms before taking action
2) Establish MONITORing guidelines for each pest species
3) Establish an ACTION THRESHOLD for the pest
4) EVALUATE and IMPLEMENT control tactics
5) MONITOR, EVALUATE and DOCUMENT the results
Significant for their association with a particular event, activity, or person in history
Historic Sites
Sites consciously planned / arranged by a professional or amateur according to design principles or traditions , in which aesthetics played a significant role; may also be associated with an important person or an important theory in landscape architecture
Historic Designated Landscapes
Landscapes that evolved through the long-term use of a site for primarily functional purposes (farmsteads, ranches, industrial); spatial expressions of human social, cultural, and economic values
Historic Vernacular Landscapes
Historic preservation plan that draws upon site investigation, documents, and evaluation and will direct modifications to the site.
Includes drawings and specifications added to CDs
May include signage plan.
May include a maintenance plan.
Preservation Treatment Plan
CPTED
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
the design or redesign through natural, mechanical, and operational means; a multidisciplinary approach to reducing crime and the fear of crime
“Eyes on the street”
Jane Jacobs’ theory to describe informal surveillance; encouraging use at varying times of day
Defensible Space Theory
Territoriality and the create of zones of influence that are an expression of a social fabric that defends itself; it encourages residents to take collective responsibility for the place and for one another and, by extension, act on intrusion
A predictable or unchanging route that offers no choice to pedestrians (to be avoided)
Movement predictors
The ability to see what is ahead and around, allowing a pedestrian to make a reasonable choice of routes (to be enhanced)
Visual permeability
CPTED principles (8)
1) Natural access control: deny access to crime targets and create perception of risk to offenders
2) Natural surveillance: keep intruders under surveillance
3) Territorial reinforcement: create or extend a sphere of influence (sense of ownership by community) Enhance positive use
4) Mechanical strategies
Maintenance and management: prevent neglect (actual or perceived)
5) Organizational strategies: people
6) Natural Strategies: design spaces that deter crime while supporting the intended use of the space
Security lighting principles (4)
1) Achieve a uniform, consistent level of light on both pedestrian and vehicular paths of travel.
2) Illuminate building numbers / names to aid emergency response personnel
3) Avoid light intrusion into residences
4) Use true-color, full-spectrum lighting
Framework Plan
A high-level and broad planning strategy that will:
1) Set out the future VISION for the area.
2) GUIDE sustainable future growth and development over a certain / defined time period
3) IDENTIFY STEPS needed to manage growth
4) DEFINE REQUIREMENTS - key projects and infrastructure required to support growth.
Comprehensive Plan
Adopted official statement of a local government’s legislative body for future development and conservation
Sets forth goals
Analyzes existing conditions and trends
Describes and illustrates a vision for the physical, social, and economic characteristics of the community in the years ahead
Outlines policies and guidelines intended to implement that vision
Produces compact, mixed-use, pedestrian-friendly communities
Can be incorporated in municipal zoning ordinances as an overlay or as a separate district
Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND)
Road Classification Hierarchy
Highway > Arterial > Collector > Local
ADT
Average Daily Traffic:
Average number of vehicles traveling both directions in a typical day.
Data generated from traffic counts or estimates.
Traffic Calming Measures (6)
1) Vertical changes (speed bumps, humps, raised intersections)
2) Lateral changes (chicanes, narrowing, traffic diverters)
3) Traffic circles
4) Small corner radii
5) Gateway features
6) Related streetscaping (furniture, lighting, trees + other landscaping)
Intersection Design Considerations
1) Distances bw intersections relates to street type and intended speed; impacts volume, speed, and porosity of street networks (more intersections = greater potential for conflict but increased connectivity)
2) Maintain clear line of sight at intersections
3) Crossing roadways should intersect at 90 degrees
Sight Distance
The length of roadway visible to a driver. The three types of sight distance common in roadway design are intersection sight distance, stopping sight distance, and passing sight distance.
Carrying Capacity of a Site
The amount of use it can sustain without damage to its resources
Order of presentation Materials
Plan / Enlargement / Section
Low Impact Development (LID) Design Principles (6)
1) Limit grading
2) Protect trees
3) Locate building at the top or bottom of slope (naturally flatter)
4) Source local materials
5) Source recycled materials
6) Use indigenous plant materials
Typ. track length
.25 miles
Typ. size of golf course
110 acres
Typ. size of neighborhood park
2.5 acres
Class 1 Bike Path
Shared-use ‘green-ways’ or ‘off-road trails’; separate from and do not permit vehicle travel; have a minimal planted / physical buffer separating them from roadway
Class 2 Bike Path
Designated lanes within roadway / shoulder; no physical barrier but delineated by white stripe (min) and other pavement markings; typically one-way in same direction as vehicle traffic; shoulders may be used as lanes but must be shared
Class 3 Bike Path
Shared lanes w. Vehicles; no special accommodation for the cyclist; will include signs that mark bike route and that the road is shared with cyclists
GIS mapping uses
1) Watershed mapping
2) Land use mapping
3) Traffic usage mapping
4) Habitat mapping
5) Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) / Environmental Impact Report (EIR)
6) Overlay w/ general plan
etc. ….
Best irrigation method for sandy soil
Spray
Best irrigation method for arid climates w/ indigenous planting
Drip
Best irrigation method for small steep slopes
Drip
SUSMP
Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan (e.g. to address stormwater pollution from new developments and redevelopment projects)
Woonerf
A woonerf is a street or square where cars, pedestrians, cyclists, and other local residents travel together without traditional safety infrastructure to guide them. Also sometimes called a “shared street,” a woonerf is generally free of traffic lights, stop signs, curbs, painted lines, and the like
Refers to the point on a hill just below the top of the hill that offers greatest visibility of the slope below
Military Crest
Used to determine the clear, obstruction-free area required at an intersection and represents the line of sight from the driver to the intersection.
Sight Triangle
Three Fundamental principles of composition as it relates to the design of landscapes
Unity
Balance
Emphasis
Benefits of Cluster Development (3)
1) Allows for open space between incompatible uses
2) Preserves important existing natural functions on the site
3) Displays a sensitivity to the character of the site
Required at the beginning of an irrigation system to protect the potable water supply by preventing irrigation water from mixing with water meant for human consumption.
Backflow preventer
Note - a check valve is not an equivalent and not as effective as a backflow preventer
Used to turn an entire irrigation system on or off
Master Valve
Used to measure flow in the irrigation system and detect leaks in the irrigation mainline
Flow Sensor
Turns a specific irrigation zone on or off within a larger irrigation system.
Remote Control Valve
Suitable surface types within play equipment fall zones (5)
1) Safety surface tiles / poured in place safety surface
2) Shredded rubber
3) Pea gravel
4) Sand
5) Hardwood wooden fiber
Convex slope
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Concave slope
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3 Principles of Defensible Space (Russ)
1) Territory (public and private space)
2) Access (providing or restricting access)
3) Surveillance (seeing and being seen)
A ‘balanced design’ can be achieved through skillful manipulation of:
Visual weight (e.g. symmetry)
Scale
Soil type most prone to erosion
Silty soils
Max. distance pedestrians are willing to walk from their car to a building entrance / other localized site feature
700 feet (just over 1/8th mile)
Benefits of urban infill (4)
1) Efficient use of infrastructure and services
2) Revitalization of urban core
3) Location proximate to employment and other services
4) Decreased traffic congestion
Considerations for noise barriers (3)
Mass
Continuity
Distance
Best location for noise barriers
Closest to the source
Seating design most conducive to socialization
“L” shape
Refers to the development of a complete neighborhood or town using traditional planning principles.
Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND)
TND Principles (3)
1) Compact
2) Mixed use
3) Pedestrian friendly
Grading:
RIDGES point _________
Downhill
Grading:
SWALES point ________
Uphill
