General Flashcards
Mercantilism- definition
Colonies exist for the profit of the mother country.
They are the source of raw materials and resources.
Colonies are markets for manufactured products coming from the mother country.
Mother country seeks to become wealthy by having more exports than imports
Benefits of colonialistion
- Increase shipping- stimulated shipbuilding. Bulky goods meant increased demand for for shipping.
- Domestic supply for commoditidities meant subsititute by imports; improve banalnce of trade
- Market for manufacturing
1651 Navigation Act Background and legislation.
- Immediately after civil war, pay back debts.
- consolidating power.
- Trying to exclude Dutch trade and increase english trade.
- should be english/colonial ship or ship from country from origin
Affects of 1651 Navigation Act
- it was a sweeping act and was too broad.
- this therefore meant not really enforced
- not enough ships to make it worthwhile.
- as a result 1000-2000 Dutch ships captured in 1st Dutch war.
1660 Navigation Act. Background and legislation.
- Charles I. New successful navigation acts.
- refined and reaffirmed from 1651. More enforceable.
- M&X had to be carried in English Irish or Colonial ship. License avaliable
- 3/4 o crew had to be english or colonial
- enumerated goods, inc. suga, tobacco, cotton, indigo, ginger, dyewoods.
- ## Cromwell’s law of 1651 seemed to be relatively successful, however seen as illegal. Change of leadership to King Charles II.
How much of crew had to be colonial or english under what act?
3/4. 1660 Navigation Act
Under what act were goods enumerated? What is a enumerated good? What were they
1660 navigation act.
Enumerated goods are commodities permitted to be exported to particular destinations. This case with in mercantilist system
Included, sugar, tobacco, cotton, indigo, ginger, dyewoods, and other rich goods.
Where were enumerated goods meant for?
More for southern colonies and West Indies because of staple goods such as cotton and sugar. Less os for sugar.
Duty 1663 navigation acts
Paid 1/2 as much duty from colonies as foreign ones
Draw back duty if it got sent to Europe afterwards
1663 navigation act
- all goods going to colonies had to be unloaded in England first, increasing cost of foreign goods and improved competitiveness of domestic goods.
- everything designed to protect America and Britain
1673 act. Legislation and background
- crown worried it wasn’t being enforced.
- introduction of naval officers. 1 person in every major port.
- Use of bands
- wanted to encourage whaling.
- relaxed the rule on foreigners to simple majority
- loses loophole of taking goods to other colonial port in order to bypass english ports.
- tried to decrease smuggling
1693 act
- acts were consolidated.
- England had been at war, difficult to keep on top of acts.
Enforcement of acts
- concentrated in England as more authorities.
Captain of ship had to post bond. - required governors to do so in colonies, however was against their ideas.
- naval officers not paid well
- 17th c no naval forces and few in islands
Size of merchant fleet
Number of seamen and fleet doubled from 1660-88. And again over the next 100 years.
North Atlantic trade took up majority. 20% in 1700 and 50%+ in 1770.
Increase in investments everywhere
Increase x to colonies and english manuf
Cotton textiles, copper.
Adam smith, the acts imposed a burden and more
It was ran in the interest of merchants.
Increased cost of commodities. British consumer paying more
Acts encouraged inefficiency i southern states.
