General Flashcards
What is the conducting system of the CVS?
vasculature (tubes) that take blood away from/to the heart
What is the exchange system of the CVS?
capillary beds
What is the fossa ovalis?
Depression in the right atrium where foramen ovale used to be
What is the crista terminalis?
smooth muscular ridge dividing smooth muscle from rough surface of the atrium
What is the coronary sinus?
Collection of veins that collect blood form the heart and deliver deoxygenated blood to the right atrium
What are the chordae tendineae?
heart strings that attach the valves to the ventricular wall to stop valves from inverting
What are trabeculae carnae?
muscular columns projecting from the ventricles that help them contract
What are papillary muscles?
attach to the cusp of the AV valves via the chordae tendinae and contract to prevent inversion
Is the AV valve in the left ventricle tricuspid or bicuspid?
bicupsid
What is meant by the fact that coronary arteries are functional end arteries?
there is little overlap between territories of distribution - they supply their own areas of heart tissue and sudden blockage will lead to ischaemia –> MI
What is the ventral part of the abdominal aorta?
Unpaired arteries to GI tract e.g. coeliac trunk
What do the internal thoracic arteries split into?
Superior epigastric and musculophrenic
If there is stenosis of the aorta, how can collateral circulation develop in the thoracic region?
Via intercostal and internal thoracic arteries to connect proximal and distal aorta
At what level does the aorta pierce the diaphragm?
T12
At what level does the aorta divide?
L4
Which two pairs of arteries supply the upper and lower limbs?
Subclavian and external iliac
Why are superficial veins in the limbs used in coronary bypass?
Close to the surface
What is meant by the term arteriovenous pump?
Deep veins in the limbs use the arterial contract to aid venous return to the heart
What is the role of the lymphatic system?
Transport interstitial fluid, bacteria, cellular debris and whole cells (lymphocytes)
Describe the path of blood through the heart
Vena cava right atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle pulmonary valve (semilunar) pulmonary artery lungs pulmonary vein left atrium bicuspid valve left ventricle aortic valve aorta body
What is pathology relating to?
Abnormal structure
What is pathophysiology relating to?
abnormal function
