General

Question 1

What is the conducting system of the CVS?

Answer 1

vasculature (tubes) that take blood away from/to the heart

Question 2

What is the exchange system of the CVS?

Answer 2

capillary beds

Question 3

What is the fossa ovalis?

Answer 3

Depression in the right atrium where foramen ovale used to be

Question 4

What is the crista terminalis?

Answer 4

smooth muscular ridge dividing smooth muscle from rough surface of the atrium

Question 5

What is the coronary sinus?

Answer 5

Collection of veins that collect blood form the heart and deliver deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

Question 6

What are the chordae tendineae?

Answer 6

heart strings that attach the valves to the ventricular wall to stop valves from inverting

Question 7

What are trabeculae carnae?

Answer 7

muscular columns projecting from the ventricles that help them contract

Question 8

What are papillary muscles?

Answer 8

attach to the cusp of the AV valves via the chordae tendinae and contract to prevent inversion

Question 9

Is the AV valve in the left ventricle tricuspid or bicuspid?

Answer 9

bicupsid

Question 10

What is meant by the fact that coronary arteries are functional end arteries?

Answer 10

there is little overlap between territories of distribution - they supply their own areas of heart tissue and sudden blockage will lead to ischaemia –> MI

Question 11

What is the ventral part of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 11

Unpaired arteries to GI tract e.g. coeliac trunk

Question 12

What do the internal thoracic arteries split into?

Answer 12

Superior epigastric and musculophrenic

Question 13

If there is stenosis of the aorta, how can collateral circulation develop in the thoracic region?

Answer 13

Via intercostal and internal thoracic arteries to connect proximal and distal aorta

Question 14

At what level does the aorta pierce the diaphragm?

Answer 14

T12

Question 15

At what level does the aorta divide?

Answer 15

L4

Question 16

Which two pairs of arteries supply the upper and lower limbs?

Answer 16

Subclavian and external iliac

Question 17

Why are superficial veins in the limbs used in coronary bypass?

Answer 17

Close to the surface

Question 18

What is meant by the term arteriovenous pump?

Answer 18

Deep veins in the limbs use the arterial contract to aid venous return to the heart

Question 19

What is the role of the lymphatic system?

Answer 19

Transport interstitial fluid, bacteria, cellular debris and whole cells (lymphocytes)

Question 20

Describe the path of blood through the heart

Answer 20

Vena cava
right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary valve (semilunar)
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary vein
left atrium
bicuspid valve
left ventricle 
aortic valve
aorta
body

Question 21

What is pathology relating to?

Answer 21

Abnormal structure

Question 22

What is pathophysiology relating to?

Answer 22

abnormal function