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1- Step Up to Biochem > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

What proceesing do zymogens undergo to become mature peptides

A

removal of N or C terminal propeptides

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2
Q

which part of trna binds to the amino acid

A

5’ CCA 3’ acceptor stem

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3
Q

what does p 53 induce and what does it modulate

A

p21 which inhibits CDKs (inhibit G1 to s progression)

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4
Q

Rb is what when phophorylated

A

inactive, it allows progression from G1 to S (remember the cop getting bribed)

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5
Q

WHich cell types remain in G0

A

permenant cells, regenrate from stem cells; neurons skeletal and cardiac muscle and RBC

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6
Q

Which cell type never goes to g0

A

labile- divide rapidly with short g1 and are most affected by chemotherapy
bone marrow, gut, skin, hair, germ cells

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7
Q

Where is g0 phase

A

between m and S allternate path before g1

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8
Q

What are nissel bodies

A

rer in neurons

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9
Q

WHich cells are rich in RER

A

mucus secreting goblet cells of smal intestine and antibody scereting plasma cells

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10
Q

Which type of proteins are mainly made in RER

A

secretory exported proteins

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11
Q

What Type of proteins are mainly made in the ser/other roles

A

steroids

also the site of detoxification of drugs and poisons

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12
Q

Which cells have a lot of SER

A

liver hepatocytes and steroid homroon producing cells of the adrenal cortex and gonads

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13
Q

The golgi modifies what 3 amino acids and how

A

asparagine: modifies n oligosaccharides
Serine: adds o oligosaccharides
threonine: adds o oligosaccharides

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14
Q

What are SRPs if they are absent what happens

A

signal recognition particles which traffic proteins from ribosome to rer
if absent proteins accumulate in the cytosol

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15
Q

Which vesicular protein goes from golgi –> golgi and cis golgi to ER

A

COP1 (retrograde

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16
Q

Which vesicular protein goes from ER –> cis golgi

A

COP2 (anterograde)

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17
Q

WHich vessicular protein goes from trans golgi –> lysosomes and plasma membrane –> endosomes

A

Clathrin (clathrin coated pits for endocytosis)

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18
Q

What disorder have proteasomes been implicated in

A

Parkinsons defect in ubiquitin proteasome system in some cases

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19
Q

MEsechymal tissue/ tumors (eg sarcoma), endometrial carcinoma, renal cell carinoma, meningioma stain with what immunohistochemical stain

A

vimentin

20
Q

Muscel tumors like rhabdomyosarcoma stain with what immunohistochemical stain

A

Desmin

21
Q

Epithelial tumors like Squamous cell carcinoma stain with what immunohistochemical stain

A

Cytokeratin

22
Q

Neuroglia tumors like astrocytoma and glioblastoma stain with what immunohistochemical stain

A

GFAP

23
Q

Neurons/neuronal tumors like neuroblastoma stain with what immunohistochemical stain

A

Neurofilament

24
Q

what does ouabain inhibit and how

A

sodium ppotassium pump by binding to the k site

25
Q

WHich drugs act on microtubules (6)

A 
Mebendazole
Griseofulvin
Colchicine
Vincristine
Vinblastine
Paclitaxel
26
Q

methylation of what represses transcription

A

CpG islands in dna

27
Q

acetylation of histones does what

A

relaxews dna coiling allowing for transcription

28
Q

Which amino acids are necessary for purine synthesis

A

Glycine, Aspartate, glutamine

29
Q

Which 2 amino acids are histones rich in

A

lysine and arginine

30
Q 
Complete the blanks:
Deamination of \_\_ makes \_\_
Methylation of \_\_ makes \_\_
Deamination of \_\_ makes \_\_
(with regards to purines and pyrimidines
A

1: Cytosine; uracil
2: Uracil; Thymine
3: adenine: guanine

31
Q

dWhat drug disrups both purine and pyrimidine syhtesis and how

A

hydroxyurea by inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase

32
Q

Which drug inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and what cycle does it disrupt

A

Leflunomide

Disrupt pyrimidine synthesis

33
Q

What drugs (3) inhibit dihydrofolate reductase and what cycle do they disrupt

A

Methotrexate (humans)
Trimethoprim (bacteria)
Pyrimethamine (protozoa)
Disrupt pyrimidine synthesis

34
Q

Which drug inhibits thymidylate synthase and what cycle does it disrupt

A

5-FU

Disrupt Pyrmidine synthesis

35
Q

Which drugs (2) inhibit inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and what cycle does it disrupt

A

Mycophenolate
Ribavirin
Disrupt purine synthesis

36
Q

fluoroquinolones inhibit what prokaryotic enzymes

A

topoisomerase II (dna gyrase) and topoisomerase IV

37
Q

Which orgainisms have multiple origins of replication

A

Eukaryotes (pro have 1)

38
Q

which organisms have multiple open reading frames in rna

A

prkaryotes

39
Q

drugs blocking DNA replication often have a modified what

A

3’OH

40
Q

which polymerase has 5’ 3’ exonuclease activity and what is its role

A

DNA polymerasse 1 ( only in prokaryotes)
degrades RNA primer and replaces it with DNA
(also has the 3’5’ exonuclease activity like pol III)

41
Q

Which organisms yhave telomerase and what type of enzyme is it

A

Only eukaryotes

RNA dependent DNA polymerase (adds dna to 3’ ends of chromosomes)

42
Q

dfifferentiate transition and transversion

A

transition is purine to purine for example

transverison is purine to pyrimidine for example

43
Q

what are 2 examples of diseases with a frameshift mutation

A

duchennes and tay sachs

44
Q

what are some disorders with ssplice site mutations

A

rare cause of cancers, dementia, epilepsy and some types of Beta thal

45
Q

In the following scenarios describe the protein binding and expression of genes occuring in the lac operon

1: low glucose, lactose present
2: high glucose, lactose unavailable
3: low glucose, lactose unavailable
4: high glucose, lactose available

A

1: CAP (catabolite activator protein) bound; repressor not bound; genes expressed strongly
2: CAP not bound; repressor bound; no gene expression
3: CAP bound; repressor bound; no gene expression
4: CAP not bound; repressor not bound; low level of gene expression
Pressence of lactose/allolactose removes repressor
Presence of cAMP activates CAP and binds it (glucose suppresses adenylate cyclase= glucose high low camp)

46
Q

During which phase of the cell cycle do these single strand repair mechanisms function

1: Nucleotide excision repair
2: base excision repair
3: Mismatch repair

A

1: G1 phase of cell cycle
2: Throughout cell cycle
3: Predominantly in G2 phase of cell cycle

1- Step Up to Biochem (5 decks)

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