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Bordeaux Wine > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

Bordeaux is 2nd in volume of production only to what other region?

A

Languedoc

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2
Q

Bordeaux

Vineyard area size in acres

A

306,000 acres

  • France’s largest wine appellation (2004)
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3
Q

Evidence of wine production near the Garonne dates back to what century?

A

4th century AD

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4
Q

The Dutch

A

Mid 1600s, Dutch provided framework for Medoc’s eventual dominance by creating a complex series of drainage channels throughout the area, making it suitable for viticulture

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5
Q

Country that ruled Bordeaux from 1152 to 1453

A

England

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6
Q

Century when a merchant class emerged with resources to store and sell wine on a major scale

A

18th century

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7
Q

courtiers

A

brokers of wine

  • Courtiers became a powerful force in the Medoc by supplying Chateaux with financial backing while gaining total control over the actual trade of wine
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8
Q

Time period negociants in Bordeaux start to fade in influence

A
  • Post World War ll, with rising appeal of estate bottling
  • Courtiers maintain their authority over the trade
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9
Q

Group responsible for en primeur sales

A

courtiers

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10
Q

en primeur sales

A

Yearly offering of Bordeaux wines as futures

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11
Q

Bordeaux

Climate

A

maritime

  • Both Atlantic and the Gironde estuary act as moderating influences, which also protects the vines from winter freezes and spring frost
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12
Q

What protects the Medoc vineyards from harsh west and northwesterly winds?

A

coastal pine forests

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13
Q

St-Emilion and Pomerol

Climate

A

continental

  • vs Medoc’s maritime influenced climate near the coast
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14
Q

Bordeaux mixture

A

a mix of lime, copper sulfate and water

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15
Q

Purpose of the Bordeaux mixture

A

It helps avoid fungal problems.

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16
Q

clairet

A

Darker, more aromatic style of rosé that evokes the original claret wines shipped to England in the Middle Ages

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17
Q

Besides Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, and Muscadelle, 3 other varietals permitted in the basic Bordeaux AOP white blend with %

A
  • Ugni Blanc
  • Merlot Blanc
  • Colombard

Up to 30%

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19
Q

Best vintage for Bordeaux, 1929, 1930 or 1931

A

1929

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20
Q

Médoc AOP

Miles in length north to south

A

50 miles

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21
Q

Year of the 20th century that a terrible frost destroyed nearly 3/4 of the Malbec vines in Bordeaux, leading to its decline in the region

A

1956

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23
Q

jalles

A

drainage channels

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24
Q

Reason Merlot is grown more in Bas Médoc than Haut-Médoc

A

Merlot performs better in the waterlogged, clay-heavy soils of the Bas-Médoc

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25
Q

Haut-Médoc

Soils

A

well-drained gravelly soils

  • Perfect for Cabernet Sauvignon
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26
Q

Médoc AOP

Style permitted

A

Must be RED

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27
Q

Médoc AOP

White grapes

Number of acres

A

only 123 acres

  • Médoc is overwhelmingly devoted to red wine production
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29
Q

Cru Artisan

Year formally recognized

A
  • 2002
  • Although, Cru Artisan was a designation that had been in use for nearly a century and a half
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30
Q

Cru Artisan

From the 2005 vintage forward, number of small producers throughout the Médoc that can use the designaion

A

44

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31
Q

Cru Artisan designation

A

Cru Artisan

  • Exceptional stewards of the land and craft of winemaking
  • Without the financing or apparatus of large-scale operations
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33
Q

Northernmost commune appellation in the Haut-Médoc

A

St-Estéphe AOP

34
Q

St-Estéphe

Style

A

Higher % Merlot, due to high proportion clay amongst gravel

35
Q

Appellation with the deepest gravel topsoil

A

Pauillac AOP

<u>1st</u>

  • Lafite Rothschild
  • Latour
  • Mouton-Rothschild

<u>2nd</u>

  • Pichon Longueville Baron
  • Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande

<u>3rd</u>

  • none

<u>4th</u>

  • Duhart-Milon-Rothschild

<u>5th</u>

  • Batailley
  • Castle Croizet Bages
  • Clerc-Milon
  • d’Armailhac (known as Mouton-Baronne-Philippe, 1933-1988)
  • Grand-Puy-Ducasse
  • Grand-Puy-Lacoste
  • Haut-Bages-Liberal
  • Haut-Batailley
  • Lynch-Bages
  • Pédesclaux
  • Pontet-Canet
36
Q

croupes

A

gravel mounds

  • Unearthed by the Dutch during their drainage work in the 1600s; the better châteaux are usually located upon these deep gravel banks
37
Q

Most famous estate in Moulis

A

Château Chasse-Spleen

38
Q

5 villages of Margaux

A
  • Cantenac
  • Labarde
  • Arsac
  • Margaux
  • Soussans

(C. L. A. M. S.)

39
Q

Margaux

Style

A

Feminine, floral bouquet, exotic character and finesse

40
Q

Graves

1st identifiable vineyard estate

A

Château Pape-Clément

  • Papal gift awarded to Bordeaux in 1305
41
Q

boulbenes

A

Soil mixture of sand, gravel and light clay

42
Q

Group responsible for carrying out the categorization of the classifications

A

the region’s courtiers

  • Categorized by pre-existing prices first through fifth growths
44
Q

Year the communal sub-appellation Pessac-Léognan was created

46
Q

3 smaller sweet wine appellations in Graves

A
  • Cérons
  • Barsac
  • Sauternes
47
Q

Sauternes

3 grapes

A
  • Sémillon
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Muscadelle
48
Q

Sauternes

Confluence of 2 rivers

A

Ciron and Garonne Rivers

49
Q

Reason a producer has to pick botyrtis grapes in tries (multiple trips through the vineyards)

A

Because, botrytis does not attack grapes evenly; some grapes might be more afflicted than others at different points in hang time

50
Q

The 1 Premier Cru Supérieur in Sauternes

A

Château d’Yquem

52
Q

Château d’Yquem

Dry white

A

“Y” (“Ygrec”)

  • Labeled as Bordeaux or Bordeaux Supérieur
53
Q

Sauternes

5 villages

A
  • Sauternes
  • Barsac
  • Fargues
  • Preignac
  • Bommes
54
Q

Sauternes AOP and Barsac AOP

min must weight

55
Q

Sauternes AOP and Barsac AOP

min rs

56
Q

Who releases “Creme de Tête”, a Sauternes aged for decades in concrete vats?

A

Château Gilette

57
Q

Château Ausone’s name is an homage to what?

A

Ausonius, a 4th century Roman poet who may (or may not) have planted his vines at the site of the current estate

58
Q

What is unique about Château Figeac in St-Émilion?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon is a major component of the blend

59
Q

What are the two broadly categorized types of soils in St-Émilion?

A

côtes - steep hillside slopes of limestone

graves - gravelly limestone plateau resembling soils of the Médoc

60
Q

In what year was St-Émilion’s three-tier classification published?; in what years were there revisions to the classification?

A

1955; 1969, 1985, 1996, and 2012

61
Q

What are the requirements for a wine labeled St-Émilion Grand Cru AOP?

A
  • + 0.5% alcohol
  • Longer élevage than wines simply labeled St-Émilion AOP
62
Q

What is Pomerol’s size in acres?

A

1,930 acres

  • Just 5 square miles, tiny AOP
  • vs. St-Émilion: 13,000 acres
63
Q

What is crasse de fer?

A
  • Pomerol subsoil
  • Iron pan and rich clay
64
Q

Pétrus

A

Pétrus

  • Est. 18th cent
  • Eearliest records mid-1700s
  • End of 1700s, Arnaud family (also origins of Château Clinet)
  • 1800s, Pétrus transcended, while less fashionable than Left Bank
  • WWI, Arnaud family began to sell, Madame Loubat, widowed hotelier from Libourne, slowly aquired beg. in 1923, eventual full ownership
  • 1940s, Loubat hired Jean-Pierre Moueix, oversees production, price Pétrus equal to 1855 1st growths
  • 1961, Loubat passed, estate goes to niece, nephew and portion to Moueix
  • End of 1960s, Moueix and son Jean-François bought out Loubat family, hired Jean Claude Berrouet to lead winemaking team, expanded vineyard 5 ha, Moueix still own majority, Jean Claude Berrouet’s son Olivier is the winemaker
  • 2018, billionaire Santo Domingo purchased 20% share
  • Pétrus shares its name with the hill upon which it is located, named for a Roman who owned the property in ancient times
  • Almost uniformly deep, dense blue clay soils, while much of Pomerol is gravelly-clay; reason for wine’s power and high % of Merlot
  • 11.5 ha
  • 97% Merlot, 3% Cabernet Franc
  • 3,000 cases
  • Grand vin.: 100% Merlot (2015), ferm in concrete vats, 18-20 mo 50% new French oak
  • Renowned for its ageability and power, rich and velvety
  • Always destemmed, sorted optically, a dozen temp-cont 50-130 hl concrete vats, from 50-130 hl, short pre-ferm maceration followed with up to three weeks of post-ferm maceration, malo in a different vat, lots destined for Pétrus are blended and aged in barrel, 50% new, exact length of élevage varies by vintage, fined and filtered before bottling
66
Q

Cru Bourgeois

3 original categories

Divided 444 properties

A
  • Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel
  • Cru Bourgeois Supérieur
  • Cru Bourgeois
67
Q

Pomerol

5 of the best properties

A
  • Château Pétrus
  • Vieux-Château-Certan
  • Château Lafleur
  • Château Le Pin
  • Château Trotanoy
68
Q

2 châteaux among the vanguard of the “microchâteau”, or garagistes movement

A
  • Le Pin - Pomerol
  • Valandraud - St-Émilion
  • La Mondotte - St-Émilion
69
Q

Château Le Pin is located in what AOP?

A

Pomerol AOP

70
Q

Château Valandraud is located in what AOP?

A

St-Émilion AOP

71
Q

Le Pin

Number of bottles made annually

A

around 6000

  • vs. Château Latour’s 150-180,000 bottles of grand vin
72
Q

St-Émilion

4 satellite appellations

A
  • Montagne
  • Lussac
  • Puisseguin
  • St-Georges
73
Q

Néac, Fronsac AOP, and Canon-Fronsac AOP are located within what larger appellation?

A

Lalande-de-Pomerol AOP

74
Q

Vintage Château Mouton Rothschild select 2 different labels

A

1978

  • Artist - Jean-Paul Riopelle​
89
Q

Year Samuel Pepys famously extolled the virtues of “Ho-Bryan”

92
Q

Graves

% of white wine production

99
Q

Graves

Sweet white designatin

A

Graves Supérieur AOP

105
Q

2 vintages that Château d’Yquem did not produce a Sauternes.

119
Q

Cabernet Franc synonym in Pomerol

129
Q

Oldest family owning a classified growth in the Médoc

Bordeaux Wine (4 decks)

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