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Respiratory > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

What is the area that each lung has for gas exchange?

A

20m2

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2
Q

What is the minute ventilation (volume of gas inhaled or exhaled in 1 minute)?

A

5 litres

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3
Q

What is the cardiac output of the lungs per minute?

A

5 litres

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4
Q

Where does the trachea extend?

A

Larynx to carina (T5/sternal angle)

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5
Q

Describe the structure of the right vs the left main bronchus

A

More vertical and wide vs less vertical and thin
related to the right pulmonary artery vs related to the aortic arch
1-2.5cm long vs 5cm long

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6
Q

What is the embryological origin of the pleura?

A

mesoderm

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7
Q

Describe the sensation of the visceral and parietal pleura

A

Visceral: only autonomic
parietal: pain

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8
Q

What is the surface anatomy for the apex of the lung?

A

2 finger breaths above the anterior end of the clavicle

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9
Q

What is the surface anatomy for the lower border of the lung?

A

6th rib anteriorly, 8th rib in mid-axillary line, 10th rib posteriorly

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10
Q

What is the surface anatomy for the lower border of the pleural cavity?

A

8th rib anteriorly, 10th rib in mid-axillary line, 12th rib posteriorly

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11
Q

What is the surface anatomy for the horizontal and oblique fissures?

A

Horizontal: Under the 4th right costal cartilage
Oblique: Along the 5th rib. Starting posteriorly at the 4th rib and finishing at the 6th rib anteriorly

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12
Q

Acute vs chronic inflammation (causative agent, cells involved, primary mediators, enzymes onset, duration)

A
  • Pathogens/injured tissues vs non-degradable pathogens/persistent foreign bodies/autoimmune reactions
  • neutrophils (eosinophils, basophils and mononuclear cells too) vs mononuclear cells and fibroblasts
  • vasoactive amines/eicosanoids vs IFN-y and other cytokines/growth factors/ROS
  • immediate vs delayed
  • few days vs up to many months or years
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13
Q

Necrosis vs apoptosis

A

Cell swollen vs cell shrunken
Organelles damaged vs organelles undamaged
Chromatin altered vs chromatin marginated
Cells lysed and contents released vs apoptosis bodies formed with organelles intact, not damaged and retained
Causes inflammation vs no inflammation

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14
Q

What is atopy?

A

Inherited tendency to exaggerated IgE response to antigen

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15
Q

What is atopy?

A

Inherited tendency to exaggerated IgE response to antigen

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Respiratory (2 decks)

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