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Champagne > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

Dom Perignon was the cellar master at what Abbey? From when to when?

A
  • Abbey of Hautvillers
  • from 1668 until his death in 1715
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2
Q

Vineyards in Champagne date back to what century?

A

5th century

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3
Q

Oldest Champagne house still in operation today and year founded

A
  • Gosset, founded 1584 as still wine producer
  • Ruinart, est 1729, can claim to be the oldest sparkling Champagne house
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4
Q

Jean-Antoine Chaptal

A

French chemist and statesman for whom the process of chaptalization is named, identified the relationship between sugar and fermentation in a seminal 1801 work.

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5
Q

Andre Francois

A

Andre Francois figured out the measurement of the precise amount of sugar required to induce second fermentation without breaking the bottle.

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6
Q

1st Brut Champagne

A
  • Pommery “Nature”
  • 1874
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7
Q

Year Champagne region was delimited by the French government

A

1908

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8
Q

Year Aube was reinstated as a full region of Champagne

A

1927

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9
Q

Commision de Chalons

Year est.

A
  • Consortium of growers and merchants formed to develop quality standards and regulate pricing
  • 1935
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10
Q

Champagne

4 permitted pruning methods

A
  • Cordon de Royat
  • Chablis
  • Vallee de la Marne
  • Guyot (double and simple)
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11
Q

Champagne

Avg. vine age

A

around 20 years

  • as the lower productivity of old vines is undesirable to most houses in Champagne
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12
Q

Number of villages with grand cru status

A

17 grand crus

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13
Q

Number of villages classified as premier cru

A

42 premier cru

  • acording to their rankings in the Echelle de Crus
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14
Q

echelle (“scale”) rating for grand cru village

A

100

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15
Q

echelle rating for classified premier cru

A

90 - 99

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16
Q

NM (Negociant Manipulant)

3 examples

A
  • Moet et Chandon
  • Louis Roederer
  • Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin
  • Billecart-Salmon
  • Lanson
  • Taittinger
  • Pol Roger
  • Perrier Jouet
  • Mumm
  • Laurient-Perrier

larger Champagne houses with the most interantional presence are invariably in this category

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17
Q

NM

A

Negociant Manipulant

  • House that purchases grapes and or base wines from growers and other smaller houses
  • Some NM houses own a significant portion of their own vineyards; others own none at all
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18
Q

RM

A

Recoltant Manipulant

  • Grower-producer who makes Champagne from estate-grown fruit
  • 95% of the grapes must originate in the producer’s own vineyards
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19
Q

CM

A

Cooperative Manipulant

  • Grower’s co-operative that produces the wine under a single brand
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20
Q

RC

A

Recoltant Cooperateur

  • Grower whose grapes are vinified at a co-operative, but sells the wine under his own label
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21
Q

SR

A

Societe de Recoltants

  • Firm, not a co-operative, set up by a union of often related growers, who share resources to make their wines and collectively market several brands
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22
Q

ND

A

Negociant Distributeur

  • Firm, not a co-operative, set up by a union of often related growers, who share resources to make their wines and collectively market several brands
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23
Q

MA

A

Marche d’Acheteur

Buyer’s own brand, often a large supermarket chain or restaurant, that purchases Champagne and sells it under its own label

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24
Q

RM (Recoltant Manipulant)

% of the grapes that must originate in the producer’s own vineyards

A

95%

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25
Q

Number of liters of must that may be extracted from 160 kg of grapes

Year CIVC set the limit

A
  • 102 liters of must / 160 kg of grapes
  • or, 2,550 liters / 4,000 kg
  • CIVC set the limit in 1992
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26
Q

The 2,550 liters of must, extracted from the 4,000 kg of grapes, is pressed and divided into what two parts?

A
  • vin de cuvee (first 2,050 liters)
  • vin de taille (the following 500 liters) - usually richer in pigment and tannin, and many producers sell off this lesser component of the must or include it in a minor proportion as a structural element in a blend
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27
Q

Vin de cuvee

A

1st 2,050 liters of the press

(out of a total of 2,550 liters)

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28
Q

Vin de taille

A

500 liters from the 2nd part of the press

(out of a total 2,550 liters)

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29
Q

3rd press, required by law

A

rebeche

  • Must comprise 1-10% of the total
  • Used for distillate, not Champagne
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30
Q

How long does 2nd fermentation generally last?

A

up to 8 weeks

  • As the yeast slowly convert the additional sugar to alcohol and carbon dioxide
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31
Q

Appx alcohol increase after 2nd fermentation

A

1.2-1.3%

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32
Q

Philipponnat ‘Clos de Goisses’

Vintage of the original release

A

1935

  • Benchmark botting for Single Vineyard Champagne
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33
Q

Special Club

  • Year est.
  • Number of grower-producers at the time
A
  • 1971
  • 12 grower-producers
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34
Q

dosage, liqueur d’expedition

A

Liquid mixture of sugar syrup and wine added after degorgement that determines level of sweetness

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35
Q

Wire cage on a bottle of Champagne

A

muselet

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36
Q

liqueur de tirage

A

Mixture of still wine, yeasts, sugar, and fining agents that serve to ignite second fermentation

37
Q

chaptalization

A

Chaptalization - common winemaking process whereby the final alcoholic strength of a wine is increased by the addition of sugar to the grape juice or must

38
Q

Champagne NV (Non Vintage)

  • Min time with lees prior to degorgement
39
Q

Champagne NV (Non Vintage)

  • Min time in bottle prior to release
A

12 months with the lees, 15 months in bottle

40
Q

Vintage Champagne

  • Min time in bottle prior to release
41
Q

Champagne

2 still wine AOPs

A
  • Coteaux Champenois - covers still red, white, and rose wines from the entire appellation
  • Rose de Riceys - reserved for 100% Pinot Noir rose wines produced in Les Riceys, a cru village in the Aube
42
Q

Bottle sizes

  • Quarter Bottle (Piccolo)
  • Half Bottle (Demi)
  • Bottle
  • Magnum
  • Jeroboam
  • Rehoboam (discontinued in 1989)
  • Methuselah
  • Salmanazar
  • Balthazar
  • Nebuchadnezzar
  • Solomon
A
  • Quarter Bottle (Piccolo) - 187 ml
  • Half Bottle (Demi) - 375 ml
  • Bottle - 750 ml
  • Magnum - 1.5 L (2 bottles)
  • Jeroboam - 3 L (4 bottles)
  • Rehoboam (discontinued in 1989) - 4.5 L (6 bottles)
  • Methuselah - 6 L (8 bottles)
  • Salmanazar - 9 L (12 bottles)
  • Balthazar - 12 L (16 bottles)
  • Nebuchadnezzar - 15 L (20 bottles)
  • Solomon - 18 L (24 bottles)
43
Q

pupitre

A

pupitre

Two large wooden planks fastened together in an upright “A” shape, with 60 angled holes cut into each plank of wood that holds the bottles for remuage/riddling

44
Q

Recent Top Vintages of Champagne

A

2006 - Rich fruit, finesse

2004 - High quantity and quality, elegance

2002 - Ripe, concentrated, extroverted

2000 - Decent quality, but “novelty” of the millenium

1998 - Very large quantity that did not sacrifice quality

1997 - High quality often overlooked by 95s and 96s

1996 - Outstanding, very high acidity, powerful fruit

1995 - Generous fruit, low alcohol levels

1990 - Dense, powerful aromatics

1989 - Powerful, generous, rich

1988 - Classic, finessed, conservative

45
Q

Montagne de Reims

Grand Cru Villages

A
  • Sillery
  • Puisieulx
  • Beaumont-sur-Vesle
  • Verzenay
  • Mailly Champagne
  • Verzy*
  • Louvois
  • Bouzy
  • Ambonnay

* added after 1985

46
Q

Vallée de la Marne

Grand Cru Villages

A
  • Aÿ (red grapes 100%, white grapes 90%)
  • Tours-sur-Marne
47
Q

Côte de Blancs

Grand Cru Villages

A
  • Chouilly* (white grapes 100%, red grapes 95%)
  • Oiry*
  • Cramant
  • Avize
  • Oger*
  • Le Mesnil-sur-Oger*

* added after 1985

48
Q

Montagne de Reims

Number of Premier Cru Villages

A

26

  • Avenay-Val-d’Or
  • Bezannes
  • Billy-le-Grand
  • Chamery
  • Chigny-les-Roses
  • Cormontreuil
  • Coulommes-la-Montagne
  • Écueil
  • Jouy-lès-Reims
  • Ludes
  • Les Mesneux
  • Montbré
  • Pargny-lès-Reims
  • Rilly-la-Montagne
  • Sacy
  • Sermiers
  • Taissy
  • Tauxières-Mutry
  • Trépail
  • Trois-Puits
  • Vaudemange
  • Villers-Allerand
  • Villers-aux-Nœuds
  • Ville-Dommange
  • Villers-Marmery
  • Vrigny
49
Q

Côte de Blancs

Number of Premier Cru Villages

A

9

(B,C,E - G,P,V - V,V,V)

  • Bergères-lès-Vertus
  • Cuis
  • Étréchy
  • Grauves
  • Pierry (Coligny)
  • Val-des-Marais
  • Vertus
  • Villeneuve-Renneville-Chevigny
  • Voipreux
50
Q

Vallée de la Marne

Number of Premier Cru Villages

A

7

  • Bisseuil
  • Champillon
  • Cumières
  • Dizy
  • Hautvillers
  • Mareuil-sur-Ay
  • Mutigny
51
Q

bouvreux

A

Rain often interrupts flowering, resulting in a bouvreux, or second crop, that rarely ripens and is left on the vine

52
Q

Piccolo

A

Quarter bottle / 187mL

53
Q

Demi

A

Half bottle / 375mL

54
Q

Magnum

A

2 bottles / 1.5L

  • Magnum: 2 bottles / 1.5L
  • Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L
  • Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L
  • Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L
  • Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L
  • Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L
  • Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L
  • Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L
55
Q

Jeroboam

A

Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L

  • Magnum: 2 bottles / 1.5L
  • Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L
  • Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L
  • Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L
  • Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L
  • Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L
  • Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L
  • Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L
56
Q

Rehoboam

A

Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L

  • Magnum: 2 bottles / 1.5L
  • Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L
  • Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L
  • Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L
  • Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L
  • Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L
  • Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L
  • Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L
57
Q

Methuselah

A

Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L

  • Magnum: 2 bottles / 1.5L
  • Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L
  • Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L
  • Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L
  • Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L
  • Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L
  • Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L
  • Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L
58
Q

Salamanazar

A

Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L

  • Magnum: 2 bottles / 1.5L
  • Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L
  • Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L
  • Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L
  • Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L
  • Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L
  • Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L
  • Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L
59
Q

Balthazar

A

Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L

  • Magnum: 2 bottles / 1.5L
  • Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L
  • Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L
  • Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L
  • Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L
  • Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L
  • Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L
  • Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L
60
Q

Nebuchadnezzar

A

Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L

  • Magnum: 2 bottles / 1.5L
  • Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L
  • Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L
  • Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L
  • Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L
  • Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L
  • Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L
  • Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L
61
Q

Solomon

A

​Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L

  • Magnum: 2 bottles / 1.5L
  • Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L
  • Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L
  • Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L
  • Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L
  • Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L
  • Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L
  • Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L
62
Q

Solomon

Bordelais synonym

63
Q

Rehoboam

Year discontinued

64
Q

Champagne

Extra Brut

A

Extra Brut 0-6 g/L

  • Brut Nature* 0-3 g/L
  • Extra Brut 0-6 g/L
  • Brut 0-12 g/L
  • Extra Dry 12-17 g/L
  • Sec 17-32 g/L
  • Demi-Sec 32-50 g/L
  • Doux 50 g/L
65
Q

Champagne

Brut

A

0-12 g/L

  • Brut Nature* 0-3 g/L
  • Extra Brut 0-6 g/L
  • Brut 0-12 g/L
  • Extra Dry 12-17 g/L
  • Sec 17-32 g/L
  • Demi-Sec 32-50 g/L
  • Doux 50 g/L
66
Q

Champagne

Dry

67
Q

Champagne

Sec

68
Q

Champagne

Demi-Sec

69
Q

Champagne

Doux

70
Q

sur pointe

A

Bottles held in an upside-down vertical position

71
Q

dégorgement à la glace

A

The modern method, bottles are dipped in a freezing brine solution to freeze the sediment and a small portion of wine before disgorging.

72
Q

dégorgement à la volée

A

The traditional method, which uses the air bubble trapped in the bottle to eject the sediment plug.

73
Q

Champagne

  • Two regions with no Grand Cru villages
A
  • Côte de Sézanne

  • Côte des Bars (Aube)
74
Q

Why is Meunier so widely planted in the Vallée de la Marne?

A

It buds late and ripens early, which is good in a frost-prone region.

75
Q

blocage

A

The reserve of wine stocks for future vintages

76
Q

deblocage

A

The release of reserved wine for use in a vintage

77
Q

Only two Premier Crus with a 99% rating

A
  • Tauxières (Montagne de Reims)
  • Mareuil-sur-Ay (Vallée de la Marne)

78
Q

Year min. value of 80 was set for the Échelle de Crus.

79
Q

Year ranking in the Échelle de Crus changed from a set price to a recommendation of pricing.

80
Q

4 minor grapes of Champagne

A
  • Pinot Blanc (Vrai)
  • Fromenteau (Pinot Gris)
  • Petit Meslier
  • Arbane
81
Q

What is unique about Champagne’s labeling?

A

They are the only AOC/AOP that is not required to include “Appellation Contrôlée/Protégée” on the label.

82
Q

Who founded the Comité Interprofessional du Vin de Champagne (CIVC), and when?

A

Robert-Jean de Vogüé (Moët et Chandon) in 1941

83
Q

NM/ND/MA are prohibited from farming more than how much land (whether owned or rented)?

84
Q

1st Prestige Cuvée

A

Dom Pérignon (Moët et Chandon), 1921

85
Q

Year INAO expand the boundaries of Champagne

A

2009, for the first time since 1927

86
Q

Champagne

Latitude

A

48th Parallel

87
Q

Four major 18th century Champagne houses

A
  • Moët et Chandon
  • Veuve Cliquot
  • Taittinger
  • Delamotte
88
Q

Who developed remuage?

A

Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin, 1816

89
Q

Where do the terms pétillant, crémant (demi-mousseux) and grand mousseux originate?

A

The unpredictable variance in the level of mousse in early champagnes

Champagne (6 decks)

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