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Geriatrics > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

What are the giants of geriatrics?

A
  1. memory
  2. falls
  3. incontinence
  4. polypharmacy
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2
Q

What are the 5 Is of geriatrics?

A
  1. Immobility
  2. intellect
  3. incontinence
  4. iatrogenesis
  5. impaired homeostasis
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3
Q

What are the most common acute disorders in the elderly?

A
  • CV (CHF, CVA, MI)
  • # (hip / vert / wrist)
  • Med related
  • Pneumonia
  • Sepsis
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4
Q

Most common chronic disorders in the elderly?

A
  • arthritis
  • cataracts / visual
  • COPD
  • CV
  • TIIDM
  • Hearing impairment
  • HTN
  • Mental d/o
  • Orthopedic d/o
  • Sinusitis
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5
Q

Physiologic neurologic changes?

A

Decreased:

  • wakefulness
  • cerebral blood flow
  • brain mass
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6
Q

Pathologic neurologic changes?

A

increased

  • insomnia
  • neurodegenerative disease
  • stroke
    decreased: reflex response
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7
Q

special senses physiological changes?

A

decreased

  • lacrimal gland secretion
  • lens transparency
  • dark adaptation
  • smell and taste
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8
Q

special senses physiologic changes?

A

increased

  • glaucoma
  • cataracts
  • macular degeneration
  • presbycusis
  • presbyopia
  • tinnitus
  • vertigo
  • oral dryness
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9
Q

CV physiologic changes?

A
  • Inc SBP, dBP
  • Dec HR, CO
  • Dec vessel elasticity, cardiac myocyte size and number, B-reponse
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10
Q

CV pathologic changes?

A

INCREASED:

  • Atherosclerosis
  • CAD
  • MID
  • CHF
  • HTN
  • Arrhythmias
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11
Q

Respiratory physiologic changes?

A 
INCREASED:
-tracheal cartilage calcification
-mucous gland hypertrophy
DECREASED:
-elastic recoil
-mucociliary clearance
-pulmonary function reserve
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12
Q

Respiratory pathologic changes?

A

Increased:

  • COPD
  • Pneumonia
  • PE
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13
Q

GIT physiologic changes?

A 
INC:
-intestinal villous atrophy
DEC:
-oesophageal peristalsis
-gastric acid secretion
-liver mass
-hepatic blood flow
-calcium and iron absorption
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14
Q

GIT pathologic changes?

A

INC:

  • constipation
  • cancer
  • diverticulitis
  • faecal incontinence
  • Haemorrhoids
  • intestinal obstruction
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15
Q

Physiologic renal//urol changes?

A 
Increased
-proteinuria
-urinary frequency
DEC:
-renal mass
-Cr clearance
-urine acidification
-hydroxylation of VitD
-bladder capacity
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16
Q

Pathologic renal/urol changes?

A
  • Urinary incontinence
  • Nocturia
  • BPH
  • Prostate Ca
  • Pyelonephritis
  • Nephrolithiasis
  • UTI
17
Q

Physiologic repro changes?

A

Decreased:

  • androgen, oestrogen
  • sperm count
  • vaginal secretion
  • ovary/ uterus/ vagina/ breast size
18
Q

Pathologic repro changes?

A

Increased

  • breast/ endometrial Ca
  • rectocele
  • cystocele
  • atrophic vaginitis
19
Q

Physiologic endocrine changes?

A 
Increased:
-Norad
-PTH
-insulin
-vasopressin
DEC:
-thyroid and adrenal CST secretion
20
Q

Pathologic endocrine changes?

A

Increased

  • DM
  • hypothyroidism
  • stress response
21
Q

Physiologic MSK changes?

A
  • Increased: Ca loss (from bone)

- Decreased: muscle mass, cartilage

22
Q

Pathologic MSK changes?

A

INC:

  • arthritis
  • bursitis
  • osteoporosis
  • muscle weakness with gait abnormalities
  • polymyalgia rheumatica
23
Q

Integumentary physiologic changes?

A
  • Sweat / sebaceous atrophy

- Decreased epi/dermal thickness, dermal vascularity, melanocytes, collagen synthesis

24
Q

Integumentary pathologic changes?

A

Increased:

  • lentigo
  • cherry hemangiomas
  • pruritus
  • seborrheic keratosis
  • herpes zoster
  • decubitus ulcers
  • skin cancer
25
Q

Pathologic psych changes?

A

Increased:

-depression / dementia / delirium / suicidality / substance abuse / anxiety/ insomnia

Geriatrics (15 decks)

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