General Flashcards
What are the giants of geriatrics?
- memory
- falls
- incontinence
- polypharmacy
What are the 5 Is of geriatrics?
- Immobility
- intellect
- incontinence
- iatrogenesis
- impaired homeostasis
What are the most common acute disorders in the elderly?
- CV (CHF, CVA, MI)
- # (hip / vert / wrist)
- Med related
- Pneumonia
- Sepsis
Most common chronic disorders in the elderly?
- arthritis
- cataracts / visual
- COPD
- CV
- TIIDM
- Hearing impairment
- HTN
- Mental d/o
- Orthopedic d/o
- Sinusitis
Physiologic neurologic changes?
Decreased:
- wakefulness
- cerebral blood flow
- brain mass
Pathologic neurologic changes?
increased
- insomnia
- neurodegenerative disease
- stroke
decreased: reflex response
special senses physiological changes?
decreased
- lacrimal gland secretion
- lens transparency
- dark adaptation
- smell and taste
special senses physiologic changes?
increased
- glaucoma
- cataracts
- macular degeneration
- presbycusis
- presbyopia
- tinnitus
- vertigo
- oral dryness
CV physiologic changes?
- Inc SBP, dBP
- Dec HR, CO
- Dec vessel elasticity, cardiac myocyte size and number, B-reponse
CV pathologic changes?
INCREASED:
- Atherosclerosis
- CAD
- MID
- CHF
- HTN
- Arrhythmias
Respiratory physiologic changes?
INCREASED: -tracheal cartilage calcification -mucous gland hypertrophy DECREASED: -elastic recoil -mucociliary clearance -pulmonary function reserve
Respiratory pathologic changes?
Increased:
- COPD
- Pneumonia
- PE
GIT physiologic changes?
INC: -intestinal villous atrophy DEC: -oesophageal peristalsis -gastric acid secretion -liver mass -hepatic blood flow -calcium and iron absorption
GIT pathologic changes?
INC:
- constipation
- cancer
- diverticulitis
- faecal incontinence
- Haemorrhoids
- intestinal obstruction
Physiologic renal//urol changes?
Increased -proteinuria -urinary frequency DEC: -renal mass -Cr clearance -urine acidification -hydroxylation of VitD -bladder capacity
Pathologic renal/urol changes?
- Urinary incontinence
- Nocturia
- BPH
- Prostate Ca
- Pyelonephritis
- Nephrolithiasis
- UTI
Physiologic repro changes?
Decreased:
- androgen, oestrogen
- sperm count
- vaginal secretion
- ovary/ uterus/ vagina/ breast size
Pathologic repro changes?
Increased
- breast/ endometrial Ca
- rectocele
- cystocele
- atrophic vaginitis
Physiologic endocrine changes?
Increased: -Norad -PTH -insulin -vasopressin DEC: -thyroid and adrenal CST secretion
Pathologic endocrine changes?
Increased
- DM
- hypothyroidism
- stress response
Physiologic MSK changes?
- Increased: Ca loss (from bone)
- Decreased: muscle mass, cartilage
Pathologic MSK changes?
INC:
- arthritis
- bursitis
- osteoporosis
- muscle weakness with gait abnormalities
- polymyalgia rheumatica
Integumentary physiologic changes?
- Sweat / sebaceous atrophy
- Decreased epi/dermal thickness, dermal vascularity, melanocytes, collagen synthesis
Integumentary pathologic changes?
Increased:
- lentigo
- cherry hemangiomas
- pruritus
- seborrheic keratosis
- herpes zoster
- decubitus ulcers
- skin cancer
Pathologic psych changes?
Increased:
-depression / dementia / delirium / suicidality / substance abuse / anxiety/ insomnia
