General

Question 1

What is the 4 steps to approaching a passage?

Answer 1

SCAN
READ
LABEL
REFLECT

Question 2

What does the CONTEXT of a written work refer to? (2)

Answer 2

The relationship among words / sentences / paragraphs

The large societal situation the piece was written in.

Question 3

What is rhetoric?

What are the key concepts of rhetoric?
5

Answer 3

Rhetoric: the art if effective communication

AUTHOR
AUDIENCE
MESSAGE
   Voice / tone
GOAL
CONTEXT

Question 4

What are the three components of aristolean rhetoric?

Answer 4

Logos
Ethos
Pathos

Question 5

How to test for evidence versus conclusion?

Answer 5

“Because” or “because of” would fit ahead of the sentence: it’s EVIDENCE

“Therefore” would better preserve the meaning: CONCLUSION

Question 6

What to label?

4 main components

Answer 6

CONTEXT
   Key ideas
   Common theme in the P
ORGANIZATION
   How P functions in large 'whole'
   Raise Q / support claim / etc
PERSPECTIVE
   Strong opinions
   Voice (Auth / alternate views)
   \+/-  +++/---
REASONING 
   Supporting or challenging evidence

Question 7

What are the three domains of discourse?

Answer 7

NATURAL
TEXTUAL
CONCEPTUAL

Question 8

What is logic?

Answer 8

The formal study of arguments and reasoning.

Falls into the CONCEPTUAL domain of discourse.

Question 9

What is an inference?

What is an assumption?

What is an implication?

Answer 9

An inference relates to a CLAIM

An assumption related to EVIDENCE

An implication refers to a CONCLUSION

*where these things or hidden or implicit

Question 10

Concept versus Claim versus Argument

Answer 10

Concept: has no truth value
Claim: has truth value
Argument: a claim + assertions to support it

Question 11

What are CONDITIONALS?

Answer 11

“If X then Y”

It CANNOT BE TRUE that X is true and Y is false.

X: antecedent. Y= consequent

Also:
X: sufficient (for Y)
Y: necessary (for X)

Question 12

What is the contrapositive?

Answer 12

“If not Y then not X”

Aka “If X then Y”

Question 13

What is a conjunction?

Answer 13

“And”’s

Question 14

Causation versus correlation

Answer 14

Both involve that two claims about rents are connected

CORRELATION: two occurrences accompany each other

CAUSATION: temporal. ONE-WAY relationship like a conditional

Question 15

What is justification?

Answer 15

If X then Y

If (evidence) then (conclusion)

Question 16

How can we tell justification and causation apart?

Answer 16

Justification: conceptual entities (using words like ‘since’, ‘therefore’)

Causation: in the natural realm (terms like ‘because’ and ‘consequently’)

Question 17

How should I approach an argument from ANALOGY?

Answer 17

Identity the known and the unknown

Assess their corresponding points of analogy