General Flashcards
What’s the minimum weight of attack for a high rise fire?
45mm jet
Fire can travel internally but more commonly occurs externally when fire breaks out of windows this may lead to rapid spread to other compartments and floors. This is known as?
Coanda effect
Wind speeds are likely to increase with the height of the building and can be affected by the position of any nearby buildings. What effect can be created by high wind speeds for the products of the fire from the compartment sometimes in unpredictable directions resulting in rapid fire spread
A blowtorch type affect
Building regulations require all buildings over what height to make provision for firefighting
18 m for dry risers 60 m Wet wet risers
A dry rising main can deliver how much water per minute
1500 L of water per minute
Where should the Fire lift remain during a high-rise fire
At the established bridgehead so that rescued persons can be quickly brought to ground floor level
Where should the Bridgehead be located
Two floors below the fire floor unless planning arrangements have determined a more appropriate position
Where should the bridgehead be established two floors below the fire
In a lobby and not a corridor
What is the minimum rank that can take charge of the Bridgehead
Crew manager
As the water supply is being secured what is the minimum amount of personnel that should be dispatched to the bridgehead
4 people consisting of a Crew Manager 2 BA wearers and an entry control officer
What equipment must be taken to the bridgehead
Two length of 45mm One BA board Two BA sets First aid and resuscitation equipment Breaking in gear Thermal image camera FIRE bag
What should the emergency team consist of for a high-rise incident
The same size as the largest committed crew and rigged to at least the same level of protection
All personnel proceeding beyond the bridgehead should wear BA except when
In exceptional circumstances where the crew safety can be established beyond reasonable doubt
What should the Bridgehead commander do before committing any BA teams
Inform the officer in charge
Where should the initial BA teams charge their branch from where possible
The floor below the fire if this is unavailable the nearest available outlet below should be used
Where should the covering jet team hose be plugged into
The fire floor and if this is unavailable the next outlet below the fire floor
How long should the hose be for the covering jet team
One hose length longer than the attack jet in order to allow rescue of the committed crew
If signs and symptoms or conditions that may lead to backdraught flashover or other abnormal fire development what should be in place
A covering jet and BA team must be present before search and rescue firefighting teams are committed
Any building ventilation system operating on arrival should be left switched on and to when
The incident commander is satisfied as a result of discussion with on-site engineer or senior fire safety officer that switching off the system will not cause an escalation of the incident
When will a senior fire safety officer attend a high-rise incident
A senior fire safety officer will be informed at all 4 pump fires and will attend all 6 pump fires And can be requested when ever specialist advice is required by the incident commander
Where should the incident Commander remain during a basement fire
At surface level unless preplanning arrangements have located a more appropriate location such as the designated fire control centre
What must be considered prior to committing BA teams to a basement fire
Ventilation of the basement
Who should the incident commander request to gain advice before operating ventilation or smoke extraction systems
A senior fire safety officer
BA teams committed to basement fires should have a sufficient weight of attack consisting of what
45 mm jet
The incident commander should ensure what during a basement fire
Access and egress routes are kept clear and suitably protected with a minimum of a 45 mm jet
Early consideration should be given to the implementation of what during a basement fire
Stage 2 breathing apparatus
Use of EDBA
Use of guidelines for complex basements
Once the incident commander has committed BA teams to the basement area with a minimum of 45 mm jet and a support crew to protect the egress route with a minimum of 45 mm jet what message should be sent to Control
Basement procedure implemented
Once a basement procedure implemented message has been completed what should the incident commander ensure is implemented if appropriate
Stage 2 entry control
Can a BA teams be recommitted to a basement fire
Only in exceptional circumstances
Prior to committing BA teams to a basement fire what should be in place
A suitable, sufficient and sustainable water supply
Prior to committing BA teams to a basement fire what must happen to the water supply
If working from a hydrant the pump must be supplied with twinned 70 mm hose
When should ventilation of basements be carried out
Under the strict supervision and only on the order of incident commander
Prior to ventilation taking place during a basement fire what should be in position
Covering jets adjacent to any openings
If practical and when the immediate rescue of person is not required during a basement fire what should take place prior to committing BA teams in order to provide a safe working environment and
Ventilation
BA teams should only operate manual ventilation systems in a basement fire in what situation
On the order of the officer in charge
During basement firefighting what can be used to locate both the seat of fire and casualties
A thermal image camera
In order to enter a basement that is alight BA teams may need to pass through a thermal barrier What should BA teams do to make this easier
BA teams should descend as speedily as practical with the branch set to spray to protect them from heat and smoke
Where should the incident commander remain at a silo incident
At ground level unless preplanning identifies a more suitable location
Should personnel enter a silo incident
Only if there is an immediate threat or serious injury or loss of life
If a decision is made to commit personnel into a silo the incident commander must do the following
- Seek advice from a technical rescue advisor
- appoint and brief a safety officer
- Implement level one or two line operations
- Use appropriate DIM equipment to confirm safe environment
Crews entering a silo must be led by what rank
A crew manager
What must be worn by the crews entering a silo
BA with consideration given to using EDBA
What must be implemented to all personnel entering a silo
Line rescue procedures
What must a firefighter who has been nominated and fully briefed and remain adjacent to at all times during a silo incident
The mechanism of the silo
Can a firefighter enter a silo during a fire situation
Only if performing a live rescue
Why should the incident commander be cautious of using water or foam on a silo incident
It has the potential to cause structural collapse due to the increased weight and volume
Are multiple FSG calls treated the same by control
All calls are treated with the same level of urgency
What will control use in its attempt to gather all information for FSG calls
Control information form
What should the incident command post radio operator write down the information on passed to them from control for FSG calls
Control information form
What colour of the control information form must be retained at the ICP for passing to the command unit
White
What must the incident command post radio operator do with the information given to him by control
Repeated back to confirm it is correct
What is the expectation of the incident commander with regard to FSG calls
The incident commander will treat all FSG calls as a priority
What will Control do if they get no response from the incident command pump
Control will pass FSG information to the on coming pump
What should the role be of the first command unit on scene during an FSG call
The command unit only deal with FSG calls
What should the incident commander consider to pass information about FSG calls to the incident ground
Allocation of a dedicated handheld radio channel e.g. channel 3
What are the two levels of resources for FSG calls
A single FSG call to a house or building will be treated as persons reported and control will mobilise the appropriate response for a persons reported fire
Two or more FSG calls or a single FSG called to a high-rise incident will attract the addition of a dedicated pump ladder a command unit and Station Manager
What do command units carry to record information on all separate FSG calls
A casualty information poster
As soon as resources allow the incident commander should give priority to appointing a dedicated officer for FSG calls called a FSG Cordinator what is the minimum rank of this officer
Station Manager
What is the first action of the dedicated FSG Cordinator to do
Telephone a supervisor at Control to gather the latest information on the progress of FSG calls
What does the command unit have for passing a life critical information
A command unit critical phoneline
What are the four principles that control officers will use as guidance for FSG callers
Escape assess protect and rescue
What is radio channel one used for
Initial Incident command communications
What is radio channel 2 used for
Command channel at-large incidents
What is radio channel 3 used for
During sector operations
What is radio channel 5 use for
Subsurface communications
What is radio channel 6 used for
BA communications
What are radio channels seven and eight used for
The police service is responsible for the deployment and supervision of channels seven and eight
What is radio channel 10 used for
Command support officers
What is radio channel 11 used for
Monitoring BAA Fire crews at Heathrow airport
What are the duplex radio channels
Channels two, five and eight
How many fire investigation units will you get at a 4 pump fire
One
How many fire investigation units will you get at a 6 pump fire
Two
How many fire investigation units will you get at a persons reported fire
One
How many fire investigation units will you get at an explosion
One
How many fire investigation units will you get on request for an ambulance
One
How many fire investigation units will you get at a fatal fire
Two
What are the three types of attendance the fire investigation officer and incident commander will agree on
Immediate attendance
Deferred attendance
Data collection only
The incident commander must request a fire investigation unit if
The incident commander cannot determine the cause of the fire
A possible re kindling from a previous brigade attendance
If the incident commander is refused entry to an incident for the purposes of fire investigation
When can cause of a fire be recorded as unknown
By agreement with the fire investigation officer
When does the incident commander not need to request the attendance of a fire investigation unit
If there is evidence that the fire is deliberate and assistant is not needed to determine the cause of the fire
What is the name of the form the incident commander must make sure is completed when liaising with the police during a fire of suspicious or delivered origin
RRF1 form
What does and IED look like
It may look like many things but it is unlikely to look like a bomb
Will a secondary IED be smaller or bigger
Secondary does not mean smaller or lesser
What three categories will a call to a bomb or terrorist related incident fall into
No warning device actuated
Warning given device actuated
Warning given device not actuated made safe
Regardless of what criteria the call received for them to what should crew managers Think
Think secondary devices
Think safety Cordon distances
Think safety do not touch
What is the cordon distance for main scheme radios during a terrorist related incident In
50 m
What is the cordon distance for handheld radios during terrorist related incidents
10 m
What is the cordon distance for a suitcase size bomb
100 m
What is the cordon distance for a car vehicle size bomb
200 m
What is the cordoned distance for an HGV lorry size bomb
400m
What is the default distance if in doubt of the cordon size to a terrorist related incident
400 m
How should appliances be cited during a terrorist related incident
Facing away from the bomb with their windows open and under direction of the police
Until an area is declared safe how many personnel should be used to carry out rescues or other tasking necessary to secure public safety
The minimum number of personnel
What is an example of actions deemed necessary During a terrorist related activity
Actions necessary to fight an outbreak of fire Or prevent the fire becoming a greater risk to public and firefighter safety
Should brigade personnel carry out a search for suspect devices
Only if on a fire station premises Or premise to which the personal undertaking the search or attached to
What are the two halves of the decision-making model
Deciding and acting
What three things should we gather information on on the Decision-making model
Information on the task or event
Information on resources
Information on the risk and benefit
What do we do with the three boxes of information on the decision-making model
We gather the information and think about it
Once we’ve gathered and thought about the information what do we do next On the decision-making model
We come up with some objective and then a plan we communicate and control the plan to achieve an outcome we then evaluate the outcome and using information on progress We come up with new objectives
What is a hazard
A Hazard is something that has the potential to cause harm
What is a risk
A risk is a measure of the likelihood that the harm from a particular hazard will occur
What are the five stages of a dynamic risk assessment
Evaluate the situation Implement safe systems of work Evaluate safe systems of work Introduce additional control measures Reassess systems of work and additional control measures
How long will the walls and floors separating a substation from the remainder of the building burn for To provide fire resistance
Four hours
Why will switching off the current to a high or low voltage insolation not render it safe
Because the still a residual charge of electricity
Can crews pass warning signs to gain access into areas which have restricted access
Crews must not pass warning signs until the responsible authorise persons in attendance
What are London Fire Brigade electrical gloves rated to protection wise
3300 V
What is the minimum safe approach distance to a pylon when carrying out a rescue
5 m
What is the minimum safe approach distance when using ladders aerial appliances For an electrical pylon
10 m
What is the minimum safe approach distance when using ladders or area appliances in dense smoke of flames approaching the conductor of a Pylon
10 m
What is the minimum safe approach distance when using handheld jets near a Pylon
20 m
What is the minimum safe approach distance when using ground monitors or aerial monitors In a Pylon
30 m
What is the definition of a firefighter and emergency
When there is strong evidence to suggest that one or more firefighters or personnel working under the control of the LFB unaccounted for and or in need of rescue
What message must the incident commander send for a firefighter and emergency
From the OIC at the address of the incident firefighter emergency tactical mode Oscar Or delta
As soon as possible after sending a firefighter emergency message and informative message is to be sent which will include
Description of the circumstances Number of persons unaccounted for or in need of rescue Details of actions being taken Declaration of the size of the incident Tactical mode
If a DAC is mobilise to the incident What role will he take
The DAC will either take over and become incident commander or if a DAC or an AC is in charge take responsibility for firefighter and emergency search and rescue operations
What is the definition of an emergency evacuation
An emergency evacuation is the immediate and control withdrawal of all personnel from the scene of operations to a place of safety
How will in emergency evacuation be initiated
Repeated short blast of the Acme thunder whistle
BA teams can be either actuated fire the telemetry entry control board evacuate all function
A priority message to be transmitted to all crews fire fire ground radios ordering evacuation
What is the incident commander to ensure during an emergency evacuation
Ensure crews closest to the danger withdraw first whilst maintaining crews to protect exit routes and maintain safe egress until all crews have been withdrawn
What is the definition of a tactical withdrawal
A tactical withdrawal Is the removal of personnel from a specific area of potential danger in a safe and planned manner
At the rollcall of a tactical withdrawal firefighter and emergency or an emergency evacuation each appliance commander will
Report to the booking point and retrieve their appliance nominal roll board
Take a rollcall of their appliance crew and report the outcome to the office are in charge
Outcome of the Roll Call must be included in informative message
What does the road traffic act grant exemption to Fire Brigade personnel from doing The
Wearing a seatbelt whilst donning their personal protective equipment
What must drivers of fire appliances and other vehicles do whilst driving
Wear footwear that will not hinder or obstruct the safe and affected operation of the footpedals when driving
The wearing of seat belts may be relaxed in what instances
A driver performing a manoeuvre which includes reversing
A driving instructor supervising a learner driver while the latter is performing a manoeuvre which includes reversing
A driver examiner conducting a test when wearing a seatbelt would endanger him or another person
In normal circumstances should brigade appliances leave the carriageway or hardstanding
If the nature or severity of the incident being attended justifies an appliance traversing soft on uneven ground. Appliance and incident commanders must ensure that the utmost care is taken to ensure that it does not become damaged bogged down or stranded on these occasions The minimum number of appliances required to achieve the objective should leave the hardstanding
If an appliance leaves hard standing what should crew members do
Crewmembers are to dismount the vehicle to act as lookouts and continually observe the appliance wheels for signs of sinking and to ensure the ground is free from obstructions
What is the minimum number of seat belts allowed to be defective before the appliance comes off the run
Four including two in the rear cab or one in the front cab
How heavy is the hose laying unit
16 tons
How much hose does the Hose laying unit carry
4km in two 2km pods
What is the minimum amount of hose the hose Laying unit will stay on the run with
600m or 20 lengths
The hose layer unit driver will require the assistance of how many crew in laying the hose
Four in laying the hose
What is the maximum speed the hose layer can lay hose at
30 mph
In addition to the driver What is the minimum personnel required to undertake hose retrieval
Two trained members in the hose recovery pod and three non-trained members
Structural collapse can be broken into two causes
Natural and human
What type of building has the greatest resistance to collapse
Framed buildings
Collapse can be categorised as being what
Internal external or total collapse
What other four types of internal collapse
Pancake
Lean to
V
Tent
What are the Three types of external collapse
90° angle
Curtain fall
Inward and outward
What are the six stages of rescue
Reconnaissance and survey Elimination of utilities Primary surface search and rescue Exploration of voids and spaces Access bite selected debris removal Terminate by general debris removal
What is the term for an explosive hazards
Yankee Hazard
What are the two types of explosive material
Detonating and Deflagrating
What is the most common cause of accidental explosion
Mixture of natural gas and air following a gas leak
When are all explosives at greatest risk
When they are subject to heating
NATO guidance is to prohibit radio signals within how much of explosive material
600 m
What does a Yankee Hazard look like on the MDT
A red triangle with a black exclamation mark
Should an attempt to be made to investigate inside a compartment where explosives are subject of being heated up
No because an introduction of fresh air could induce an explosion
When should fire crews handle explosives
When it is operationally imperative to move the explosives to prevent them from becoming involved in an incident
What is the maximum storage of fireworks for domestic use
250 kg
What is the maximum storage of black powder For gun enthusiasts
20 kg
Radios should not be used within how much of the explosives
60 m
What is the hazard zone for up to 250 kg of explosives
200 m
What is the hazard zone for 251 to 2000 kg of military explosives
600 m
What is the Hazard zone for over 2000 kg of explosives
1000 m
What powers does the fire and rescue service act 2004 give us in relation to road traffic accidents
Move or break into a vehicle without consent of the owner
Close a highway
Stop and regulate traffic
Restrict the access of persons to the place concerned
What should the incident commander do if the police are not in attendance
Via priority message requested the attendance of the police
Can fire crews across the central reservation to approach an incident on the opposite carriageway
Motorways or other dual carriageways central reservation must not be crossed approaching incident on the opposite carriageway an exception to this is where traffic has been stopped by the police Or highways agency traffic officer and crossing will be undertaken under their direction
Can an appliance stop on the outside lane of the motorway or dual carriageway at any time to deal with an incident on the opposite carriageway
Only when the incident has spread across the central reservation
Where should pumping appliances park and where should special appliances park at a road traffic accidents
Pumping appliances should park before the incident specialist appliances should park after the incident
What should all appliances do when parked at an incident
Have their blue lights on
What is the exception of wearing high visibility jackets at an RTA
BA crews
When should the police accident sign be deployed
Only when it is safe to do so
If it is unsafe to deploy the police accident sign what should the incident commander to do
Requested attendance of the police for assistance
If hazardous materials are suspected to be involved in an RTA incident what should the incident commander do
Requested the attendance of the HMEPO
Can FRU be returned if a persons trapped informative message has been sent
No
What is the size of the inner cordon at an RTA
2 m
What is the size of the outer cordon at an RTA
5 m
If Respiratory protection is required during an RTA what should be used
BA
After isolation how long could of vehicles SRS system remain active
30 minutes
What colour is the SRS power connections in a vehicle
Yellow
When the vehicle is fitted with an LPG system and it is involved in fire the incident should be treated as what
A cylinder incident
If a vehicle is fitted with an LPG system and is not involved in fire and is leaking what should the incident be treated as
A hazmat incident
What colour is the high-voltage cables in dual fuel vehicles
Orange
When should the first message be received by Control after arrival at an incident
20 minutes
And informative message should be sent every how long at an incident under eight pumps
30 minutes
At an incident over eight pumps how often should informative message be sent
60 minutes
How should we identify ourselves when crossing the border
London Fire Brigade Paddington pump ladder
What are the sequence of messages at an incident
Assistance message
Informative message
Further assistance and informative message
Fire surrounded messages at six pumps and above
Stop message
Further informative message
Relief Request messages
A full stop message should be used when
More than 1 hose reel has been used An informative message has been sent Member of the public injured/rescued An unusual incident Where further assistance has been requested 4 or more appliances were in attendance
What is the order of equipment in stop messages
Main jets followed by number of Hose reels Aerial jets ground Monitors and Foam branches should be mentioned separately
When will the term apparently dead be used in a message
Where a fatality has occurred but a doctor has not certified it
How often are reliefs implemented
Every three hours
When would an immediate relief be requested
When there is a need to replace crews with some urgency for example crews PPE being contaminated
What responsibility does the London Fire Brigade have in hazmat incidents
London Fire Brigade has a responsibility to control any spillage or release to mitigate harm to the public and the environment
What is the hazard zone for a hazmat incident
25 m
What tactical mode is the incident commander to adopt while information gathering
Delta mode
What is a level one hazmat incident
One pump attendance
Small spills of fuel and engine oil
Natural gas leak or carbon monoxide detector actuating
mercury spill
What is a level two hazmat incident
Two pumping appliances and a FRU
What is a level three hazmat incident
An incident where full wet firefighter decontamination or dry safe undress procedure is required After consultation with the HMEPO or scientific advisor
What is a level four hazmat incident
An incident attracting a special mobilising criteria
What should be in place before committing crews with DIM equipment
The appropriate firefighter and equipment decontamination
What should crews be committed in for life-saving or urgent actions During a hazmat incident
Gas tight chemical protection suits however BA and full firefighting gear may be considered when the risk-benefit analysis deems it necessary
What Decon code Should the incident commander choose if it is necessary to decontaminate before advice is available
Code 3 safe undress procedure
If persons are involved in a hazmat incident what level should the incident be made
Minimum level two
Is London Fire Brigade responsible for arranging recovery of hazmat waste
No
For a hazmat incident what is considered a small spillage
Under 100 L
What is the default Emergency action and code
4WE
What does 4WE stand for
Dry agent
Liquid tight suits
Public safety hazard
What pressure is natural gas distributed throughout the UK
85 bar
What pressure is gas supplied to domestic customers
One bar