General

Question 0

Needs talk implies consensus on what needs actually are

Children denied full access to adult world: natural order of things

Answer 0

Nancy Fraser 1989

Question 1

Psychological needs of the child are part of our everyday vocabulary

Answer 1

Woodhead, 1997

Question 2

Emergent paradigm of childhood studies

Decisions made on behalf of children by adults - relatively powerless group

Answer 2

James and Prout, 1997

Question 3

“A child is… A member of a generation refered to collectively by adults as children who together temporarily occupy the social space that is created for them by adults and refered to as childhood”

Answer 3

James and James, 2005

Question 4

“Childhood: the institutional arrangements which separate children from adults and the structural space created by those arrangements that is occupied by children”

Answer 4

James and James, 2005

Question 5

The evil child

Child has potential to be evil, open to corruption and excess: needs to be restrained by adults

Answer 5

James, Jenks and Prout, 1998

Question 6

Children are demonic harbourers of potentially dark forces which risk being mobilised if, by dereliction or inattention, the adult world allows them to veer away from the straight and narrow path that civilisation has bequeathed to them

Answer 6

Hockey, James and Prout, 1998

Question 7

Emphasis upon power of the parent to save child from natural excess

The liberation of such evil forces is a threat for adults, social order and children themselves

Answer 7

Thomas Hobbes (1651)

Question 8

Parallels the socialisation practices of a child to the way people brake or tame domestic animals in order to integrate their naturalness into the world of culturalness

Answer 8

Hockey, James and Prout, 98

Question 9

Feral children- bully, shout abuse, urinate in the street, litter, play music @ defeating vols, casual assault

Answer 9

Daily mail, 2011

Question 10

Emphasis on natural goodness of the child
Original perfect nature must not be corrupted by society
Closer to god and nature, inherently innocent

Answer 10

Rousseau ‘Emile’ 1762

Question 11

Childhood ‘special time of life’ which becomes a ‘lost realm’

Answer 11

Wordsworth

Question 12

Child as “tabula rasa”

Come into the world as blank slates
Need guidance and training to become rational adults
Minds vulnerable to prejudice

Answer 12

John Locke (1632-1704)

Question 13

Children dangerous bundle of natural antisocial instincts need socialising to keep social order

Answer 13

Durkheim 1858-1917

Question 14

There is no absolute definition of childhood, whether subjective or official, because it is always lived and defined in cultural and economic contexts

Answer 14

Fletcher and Hussey, 1999

Question 15

Childhood is a social convention not a natural state

Answer 15

Hoyles