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7. Meds 💊💉 > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

What is Pharmacokinetics?

A

-Drug Absorption
-Distribution
-Metabolism
-Elimination

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2
Q

Idiopathic?

A

Not well understood

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3
Q

Describe the blood brain barrier?

A

Lipid soluble can go through, ex. O2, CO2, anesthesia
Water soluble need active transport, ex. glucose, urea, proteins, antibiotics

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4
Q

Define:
ac?
pc?
bid?
tid?
qid?

A

AC: before meal
PC: after meal
2x/day
3x/day
4x/day

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5
Q

Define:
Dose?
Dosage?

A

Dose: one time amount
Dosage: the regime if the Rx(frequency, amount, # of doses)

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6
Q

What is a drug classification?

A

Drug defined by what it does/how it does it. Classes with similar drugs. A drug may belong to more than one class. Ex. Aspirin=antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory.

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7
Q

What is a contraindication?

A

Factor that prohibits administration of drug.

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8
Q

What is an adverse drug effect?

A

Unpredictable, serious, harmful rxn of drug administered at normal dose

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9
Q

What is an adverse drug rxn?

A

Any harmful effect on body due to drugs (therapeutic or abused)

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10
Q

What is a side effect?

A

Secondary, unintended, predictably cause

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11
Q

What are the 5 factors affecting absorption?

A

-Route of Administration
-Ability of the med to dissolve
-Blood flow to the site
-Body surface area
-Lipid solubility

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12
Q

Absorption is greatest in the..?

A

Small Intestine

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13
Q

3 factors influencing distribution?

A

-Circulation
-Membrane Permeability
-Protein Binding

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14
Q

What are the 10 rights?

A

-Right pt
-Right drug
-Right dose
-Right route
-Right time
-Right documentation
-Right reason
-Right to refuse
-Right to educate pt
-Right evaluation

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15
Q

When do you check the drug label?

A

3 checks:
-Before/picking out the med
-During dispensing
-After/putting away

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16
Q

What does active form of drug mean?

A

Unbinded

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17
Q

What are main organs for metabolism?

A

Main: liver
Also: kidneys, blood, intestines

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18
Q

Main organ for excretion?

A

Main: kidneys
Also: liver, bowel, lungs(alcohol and anesthetic), exocrine glands(lipid soluble)

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19
Q

What does biotransformation mean?

A

Med becoming a less active form, aka metabolism

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20
Q

Define med orders:
Single?
Stat?
Now?
Prn?
Asap?

A

Single: once, anytime
Stat: once, immediately
Now: 90min
Prn: as needed
Asap: write down

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21
Q

Meds can be submitted on?

A

-CF2003
-CFHIS
-DND1618
-CF2138

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22
Q

Screening vs Diagnostic test?

A

Screening: first test to check for an abnormality
Diagnostic: determines what you got

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23
Q

What does post-prandial mean?

A

After meal test, ex. Glucose

24
Q

Info required on a lab req?

A

-pt full name
-pt service #
-DOB
-ordering PA/NP/MO
-tests ordered
-relevant clinical info

25
Q

Tests on the urine strip?

A

30 sec:
-Glucose: lil is normal
-Bilirubin: not normal
40 sec:
-Ketones: lil is normal, alot could be preg, fasting
45 sec:
-Specific Gravity: 1.001-1.035 normal
60 sec:
-Blood: not normal
-pH: 4.6-8 normal
-Protein: lil normal
-Urobiligen: lil normal
-Nitrate: not normal
2min:
-Leukocyte: indicate infection

26
Q

What is POCT?

A

Point of Care Test: done at home unit to qualify you to do rapid strep A, urine analysis, preg test, BGL

27
Q

What is the acronym for infection symptoms?

A

Swelling
Heat
Altered function
Redness
Pain

28
Q

What are narcotic drugs?

A

Produces insensibility/stupor
Controlled Drug & Substance Act (since 1996, before was Narcotic Control Regulation),
B&TSR (benzos and others are the most recent addition)
“N” in CFHS Catalogue & CPS, narcotic +2 others

29
Q

What is a straight form of narcotic?

A

Single entity or up to 1 other therapeutic ingredient

30
Q

Contraindications to oral meds?

A

-Nausea/vomit
-NPO on file
-Inflammed Bowel
-Dysphasia

31
Q

Best site for subcutaneous injection?

A

Upper arm, also abdomen, anterior thigh

32
Q

What do immunizations do?

A

-agent which helps immunity
-protection from infectious disease
-weakened/dead disease organisms
-builds immunity

33
Q

What are the best sites for IM?

A

-Deltoid(least safe, easiest access)
-Ventrogluteal(sciatic nerve risk)
-Vastus Lateralis(safest)

34
Q

What are side effects of venipuncture?

A

-pain
-nerve damage
-syncope
-nausea

Complications:
-diabetic shock
-cardiac arrest
-skin allergy
-continued bleeding
-hematoma
-anemia
-convulsions

35
Q

4 indications to give IVs?

A

-fluid/electrolytes
-administer blood/blood products
-TPN(total parenteral nutrition)
-administer meds

36
Q

What are contraindications to IVs?

A

-mastectomy
-AV graft
-fistula
-paralysis
-infection

37
Q

5 complications of IVs?

A

-Infiltration of tissue
-Phlebitis (inflammation of veins)
-Fluid V excess
-Bleeding
-Catheter Embolism

38
Q

Crystalloid vs Colloid?

A

Crystalloid: water & uniformly dissolved crystals ex.sugar/salt, follows osmosis
Colloid: doesn’t go through membranes, pulls fluid ex.blood cells, starch, albumin, decrease, platelets

39
Q

What % NaCl is isotonic?

A

0.9%
Also isotonic: lactated ringers, D5W

40
Q

What is ringers lactate?
What is dextrose?

A

Lactated Ringers: more ions than Saline.
Na, Cl, K, Ca, lactate
Dextrose: glucose, used for calorie deficit, hypoglycemia

41
Q

Compare hypertonic and hypotonic?

A

Hyper: greater osmotic pressure than cells, fluids move out of cells, cells shrink ex.D10W, 3%NaCl
Hypo: less osmotic pressure than cells, fluid moves into cells, cells expand ex.0.45% NaCl

42
Q

How high up should I tourniquet go?
If using bp cuff, what pressure?

A

10-15cm(4-6 inches)

50mmHg

43
Q

Which vein runs medially and which runs laterally around forearm?

A

Medial: basillic
Lateral: cephalic

44
Q

What are 3 special access drugs?

A

-fentanyl lozenges
-H16 Auto Injector
-Diazepem Autoinjector

45
Q

What is “C”?
“N”?
“T”?

A

“C” is other controlled in CFHS Catalogue & CPS part G, food & drug regs

“N” is CFHS Catalogue & CPS narcotic & 2+others

“T” is schedule 1 of B&TSR

46
Q

Imposed control on narcotics means?

A

-responsibility
-security
-inventory/control
-administration
-dispensing
-destruction

47
Q

Difference between suspension, syrup, elixir?

A

Suspension: finely divided drug dispensed in liquid, settles
Syrup: med dissolved in concentrated sugar solution
Elixir: clear often sweetened fluid w/ med & water/alcohol

48
Q

What is a capsule?
Enteric coated?
Tablet?

A

Capsule: Gelatin shell
Enteric: do not chew/crush, released later in GI
Tablet: powdered med, also binders, disintegrators, lubricants, fillers

49
Q

3 parts of Controlled Drugs ?

A

Part 1: Amphetamines, Methylphenidate(ex.adderall)
Part 2: Barbituates
Part 3: Anabolic Steroids

50
Q

Define IM, angle of insertion, gauge and length of needle, and volume to administer.

A

intramuscular(90’, 18-27g(1-1.5inch)

Up to 5mL

51
Q

Define sc, angle of insertion, gauge and needle length, and volume to administer.

A

subcutaneous(45-90’, 25g(5/8inch),
1-2mL

52
Q

Define IV, angle of insertion, gauge of needle?

A

Intravenous(25’), 18-24g adults, 22-24g children

53
Q

Define id, angle of insertion, gauge and needle length?

A

intradermal(5-15’, 26-27g(3/8-5/8inch)

Smallest volume to administer

54
Q

What do med techs abide by regarding medications?

A

Restricted Act: Pharmaceuticals

55
Q

What form is used for medication errors?

A

DND850

7. Meds 💊💉 (3 decks)

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