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Power & Nuclear > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

US Annual Power Production

A

4,200 TWh / yr
(~37% implied effective capacity factor)

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2
Q

US Power Gen Capacity

A

1.3 TW
or
1.3 million MW

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3
Q

Nuclear share of global output

A

10%

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4
Q

Number of nuclear plants in Africa (2023)?

A

One. In South Africa
Nameplate capacity: 2 x 970 MW (1,940 MW)
Capacity factor: 80.4%

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5
Q

Extent of Sub-Saharan Africa population without electricity

A

Half of population: i.e., 600mm people

Wiki: population of Sub-Saharan Africa was 1.21 billion. The region is made up of 53 countries,

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6
Q

Nuclear share of US production?

A

~20%

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7
Q

Nuclear share of US installed capacity

A

95GW or ~8% of installed capacity

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8
Q

Existing US installed nuclear capacity in terms of SMR equivalents (300MW each)

A

100 GW / 300 MW = 333 SMRs

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9
Q

Cost to build large scale nuclear ($/kW)

A

History suggests $6,000-$12,000 per kW all-in. i.e., $6-12bn for a single 1GW plant

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10
Q

Implied cost to re-build existing nuclear fleet at $6,000-$12,000/kW

A

100 GW * $6,000-$12,000/kW = $600B (low end) to $1.2T

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11
Q

South African (nuclear) power company

A

Eskom (Electricity Supply Commission of South Africa)
Public: US$52B assets

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12
Q

Number of commercial nuclear plants in US

A

54 nuclear power plants in 28 states with 93 reactors

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13
Q

Average nuclear plant size, US

A

95 GW over 54 plants = 1,800 MW
(Simple: 100 GW over 50 plants = 2 GW)

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14
Q

US population

A

333 million

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15
Q

US households

A

133 million

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16
Q

Capex to replace existing nuclear fleet with 300MW SMRs at FOAK cost

A

Existing: 100GW nuclear
So 333, 300MW SMRs
…Capex at $5bn each: ~ $1.5T+

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17
Q

Number of coal plant sites in US

A

> 200

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18
Q

Microsoft market cap

A

$3.1T

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19
Q

Approx cost $/kW of FOAK SMR

A

$5-10B for 300M = $16,000 - $32,000 /kW (i.e., twice the rough historical cost range to build existing large scale plants)

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20
Q

Texas population

A

30 million

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21
Q

NYC population

A

9 million

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22
Q

NY State population

A

20 million

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23
Q

California population

A

40 million

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24
Q

Number of people gained in TX per day

A

1,300
(per Sempra IP April 2024; source: Census)

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25
Q

Texas peak demand (summer ‘23)

A

85 GW

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26
Q

Nuclear reactors globally

A

442

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27
Q

Global annual capital required to effect the energy transition?

A

McKinsey (2022): $9.2T/yr thru 2050 (up from current run rate of $3.5T) — alternatively they also say (?) a $1T increase per year vs business as usual

IEA says spending would increase to $4T/yr vs $2.8T current run rate

Deloitte: $5-7T/yr

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28
Q

Global GDP?

A

~$105T

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29
Q

US GDP

A

$27T

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30
Q

China GDP

A

$20T

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31
Q

Germany GDP

A

$4T

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32
Q

India GDP

A

$4T

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33
Q

Japan GDP

A

$4T

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34
Q

Saudi GDP

A

$1T

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35
Q

Canada and Mexico GDP

A

Canada: $2.1T
Mexico: $1.7T

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36
Q

Combined market cap of all US public companies

A

$50T

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37
Q

Estimated market cap of private capital backed companies

A

Private capital backed:
PE-backed $3-4T
VC-backed: $3-4T
Source: Pitchbook

Random guy on internet: $30T all private cos

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38
Q

How many SMRs (300MW) to replace existing TX capacity

A

85GW / 300MW = 280 SMR plants

39
Q

World population

A

8 billion

40
Q

Births every day, global

A

~385,000

41
Q

Global population growth, daily and annually

A

~200,000 daily
~ 75 million annually (or ~1% on 8B world population)

42
Q

Top 10 countries by population

A

India 1.5B
China 1.5B
US 330mm
Indonesia 275mm
Pakistan 250mm
Nigeria 230mm
Brazil 220mm
Bangladesh 175mm
Russia 144mm
Mexico 130mm

43
Q

Population of largest countries #11-20

A

Ethiopia 130mm
Japan 120mm
Philippines 120mm
Egypt 115mm
DR Congo 105mm
Vietnam 100mm
Iran 90mm
Turkey 86mm
Germany 83mm
Thailand 70mm

44
Q

UK, France, Italy, Korea, Spain, Argentina, Canada, Saudi population (selected countries not in top 20)

A

UK 67mm
France 65mm
Italy 59mm
S Korea 50mm
Spain 48mm
Argentina 46mm
Canada 38mm
Saudi 36mm

45
Q

Solar cost $/W
FOAK SMR cost $/W

A

$1/W solar

$16/W SMR (assuming $5B for a 300MW FOAK)

46
Q

Average US household peak and average power demand

A

BKH: Peak power consumption for a residential home can range from 3–5 kW for minimal to 20 kW for very high. The average home uses 5–10 kW, while larger homes, especially those with electric heat, can use over 20 kW

EIA: avg American home uses 10,791 kWh/yr. That’s 29 kWh/day or 1.2 kW average demand.

47
Q

CO2 emissions mix by sector

A

40% power
25% industry
25% transport
10% buildings

48
Q

US population % of global

A

4%

49
Q

Number of countries in world

A

195

50
Q

Fossil fuels % of US generation output

A

~60%

51
Q

Minimum amount of nuclear capacity needed to effect the ET, as a multiple of current capacity

A

Doubling or tripling (Dan Poneman)

52
Q

Number of reactors being built globally in 2024

A

As of December 2023, 61 nuclear reactors are under construction and 110 are planned worldwide, with a combined capacity of 68 GW and 110 GW, respectively. China leads the way with 64 GW of new nuclear capacity under construction, followed by India with 8 reactors, and Turkey with four reactors. Other countries with reactors under construction include:
Egypt, South Korea, Russia, Bangladesh, Japan, United Kingdom, Ukraine, Argentina, and Brazil.

53
Q

[Hydrogen 101]

A
54
Q

[Geothermal 101]

A
55
Q

Population of Luxembourg

A

650k

56
Q

UST 10yr

A

https://ycharts.com/indicators/10_year_treasury_rate#:~:text=10%20Year%20Treasury%20Rate%20is,a%20maturity%20of%2010%20year.

57
Q

Sources of US GDP?

A

Mix 1:
- Personal consumption 70%
- Govt expenditures/investment 15%
- Private domestic investment 15%
- Net export -3%

58
Q

Daily US electricity consumption

A

Total: 11.5TWh/day (based on 4,200 TWh/yr)

Solar ~0.5TWh/day

59
Q

Annual output of 1 GW of generation at 50% CF

A

4.4TWh
= 1 GW * 8,760 * 50%

60
Q

Median US savings account balance

Median US retirement account balance

A

Median bank account balance is $8,000 (mean is $62k)

2022 median retirement savings for American households was $87,000

61
Q

How many households does 1GW power?

A

Avg household avg demand = 1.5kW so…approx 600k TO BE CONFIRMED

62
Q

Market cap of Berkshire

A

$800B

63
Q

Market caps of Exxon, Chevron, Shell and BP

A

$500B Exxon
$300B Chevron
$250B Shell
$175B TotalEnergies
$100 BP

64
Q

Who are in the G7?

A

Group of Seven (G7) is an intergovernmental political and economic forum consisting of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States; additionally, the European Union (EU) is a “non-enumerated member”.

It is organized around shared values of pluralism, liberal democracy, and representative government. G7 members are the major IMF advanced economies.

65
Q

Countries not represented in G7 but with economies larger than Canada

A

China
India
Brazil

66
Q

Population by continent

A

Asia: 4.8B
Africa: 1.5B
Europe: 750mm
North America: 350mm
South America: 215mm
Oceania: 45mm

67
Q

Global power generation capacity

A

8.5 terawatts

Is expected to almost double by 2050, surpassing 15 terawatts.

68
Q

Global generation capacity per capita

A

~1kW

69
Q

Cost to build 100GW nuclear at $4,000/kW

A

$400B

70
Q

Global installed nuclear capacity

A

~400 GW (2023)

— 440 nuclear reactors operating in 33 countries

71
Q

Scope 1 2 3

A
72
Q

Texas economy rank if were a country?

A
73
Q

Enrichment capacity and US needs for enriched fuel

A
74
Q

US share of global nuclear capacity

A

~30% of global nuclear generation (largest country)

75
Q

US generation capacity
…per capita
…per household

A

1.3 TW / 330 million =
~4kW per capita

1.3 TW / 130 million =
~10kW per household

76
Q

Global power production

A

~25,000-29,000 TWh

(Implied ~35-40% capacity factor on 8TW capacity)

77
Q

Nuclear share of global installed capacity, and share of generation output

A

~5% of capacity
~10% of output

78
Q

US electricity consumption by end user segment

A

Residential: 39%
Commercial: 35%
Industrial: 26%
Transportation: 0.2%

79
Q

Westinghouse ownership

A

Brookfield 51%
Cameco 49%

80
Q

% Fixed vs variable costs (lifecycle): nuclear vs CCGT

A

Nuclear: 72-85% Capex/Fixed

CCGT: 20-25%

81
Q

Canada Population

A

40 million

82
Q

Mexico Population

A

125 million

83
Q

US nuclear plant mix: PWR vs BWR

A

~2/3 are PWR

84
Q

PWR vs BWR

A

— Both are light water
— PWR has two separate loops of water: coolant vs steam loop
— BWR one loop (coolant becomes the steam); more complex / larger

85
Q

Traditional EPZ in acres

A

200,000 acres

EPZ = 10 mi radius = 314 square miles * 640 acres per square mile = 200,000 acres

86
Q

Uranium Enrichment Levels
U-235 vs U-238

A

Natural: 0.7% U-235; 99% U-238

LEU: 3-5% U-235

HALEU: 5-20% U-235

HEU: >90% U-235

87
Q

Uranium Enrichment Levels
U-235 vs U-238

A

Natural: 0.7% U-235; 99% U-238

LEU: 3-5% U-235

HALEU: 5-20% U-235

HEU: >90% U-235

88
Q

Nuclear operating in how many countries globally?

A

33 countries

89
Q

Examples of Ancillary Services

A

Spinning / Non-Spinning Reserve
Voltage Support
Black Start
Load Regulation

90
Q

Nuclear employment in US

A

60,000 jobs directly and “hundreds of thousands more” indirectly - DOE 2024

91
Q

Y-12 National Security Complex location

A

Oak Ridge, TN

92
Q

Who operates Y-12?

A

Bechtel, Leidos, Northrop Grumman, and SOC (Day & Zimmerman?), with Booz Allen Hamilton as subcontractor

93
Q

1GW of Nuclear: how many TWh

A

8.760 TWh at 100% CF

Power & Nuclear (1 decks)

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