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Jl Exam 2 > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

What is a maximeter??

A

A clamp on ammeter having two indicating pointers, one indicates the current at the time of the reading and the other indicates the maximum current since installation

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2
Q

Does the load on a capacitor ever change??

A

No, always draws the same amount of current

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3
Q

How does a capacitor improve powerfactor and voltage?

A

By providing leading current

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4
Q

Why must a gas treated poles be set with extra caution?

A

They can conduct as much as 90% to ground

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5
Q

Can a line with out load and still carry current?

A

Yes this is called charging current

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6
Q

What are three physical dimensions determine pole classification?

A

Length, circumference 6ft from the bottom of the pole and 2ft from the top

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7
Q

Which Carries the most load, the one with the higher impedance or the one lower??

A

The lower,high=more resistant

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8
Q

What 2 main parts is osha Made of

A

A.29 cafe (code of federal regulations)
B.1910 for general industry
C.1926 for construction

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9
Q

What osha article is a performance standard to address employees who are directly involved with power generation,transmission and distro

A

1910.269 standard

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10
Q

What osha (c)overs job breiefings

A

1910.269(c)

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11
Q

What osha article covers locke(d)out tag out?

A

1910.269(d)

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12
Q

What osha article covers enclosed spac(e)s

A

1910.269(e)

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13
Q

What osha article covers PPE?

A

1910.269(g)

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14
Q

What osha article covers live line tools?

A

1910.269(j)

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15
Q

What osha covers working on (L)ive line parts

A

1910.269(L)

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16
Q

What osha article cover minimum approache distance

A

1910.269 (L) (2)

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17
Q

What osha article covers grounding for the protectio(n) for the employees

A

1910.269 (n)

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18
Q

How many Ibew vice presidential districts are there?

A

11

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19
Q

Should poles next to a street crossing face the street?

A

Yes

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20
Q

What is meant by ranking a pole?

A

Moving a pole against the direction of the strain

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21
Q

Name 3 types of pole roofs

A

Slant,gable,flat

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22
Q

Which side of the pole has the longest concave sweep between the ground line and the point of the load

A

Face or belly

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23
Q

Gains should be cut in to what side of the pole

A

Face

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24
Q

How deep should gains be

A

.5 of and inch

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25
Q

An arm that is placed at right angles to a line arm is called a?

A

Buck arm

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26
Q

A class 2 pole is ___ than a class 6 pole

A

Larger

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27
Q

Ground rods should be long enough to reach the ___ moisture level of the soil

A

Permanent

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28
Q

What are two types of counter posie ground?

A

Continuous(parallel) length of the transmission line
Crawfoot (radial) around the footing

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29
Q

What are two methods to test if a line is dead before installing protective ground?

A

High voltage tester, tic tracer

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30
Q

33,000 foot pounds per minute is equal to one

A

Horse power

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31
Q

One horse power is =

A

746 watts

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32
Q

When properly sharpened, the gaff should not have a spike point but it should function as a?

A

Chisel

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33
Q

What is the definition of power

A

The rate at which work is done

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34
Q

Define a guy

A

A brace or a cable attached to the pole to strengthen it and keep it in position

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35
Q

When you visually inspect your rubber gloves what are you looking for??

A

Correct voltage for the voltage to used on, ozone cutting, mechanical damage, discoloration

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36
Q

Which winding of a constant current transformer is moveable

A

Secondary

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37
Q

What must be done to the secondary side of a current transformer before heating up the primary side

A

Shorted,shunted,or hooked up

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38
Q

If you don’t short or shunt or hook up the secondary side of a CT what happens

A

High circulating current will appear

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39
Q

The polarity mark of an instrument transformer is normally connected to what side?

A

Load side

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40
Q

In general what are transformers used for metering installation called

A

Instrument transformer

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41
Q

What is the white bushing of an instrument transformer

A

Polarity mark

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42
Q

Typical rule for capacitor replacement

A

2/3 of the distance where the voltage has dropped 2/3

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43
Q

How are distribution and substation capacitors connected?!

A

A.distro-parallel
B.sub- series

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44
Q

Two types of capacitors

A

Switched and fixed

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45
Q

Volts=

A

Amount of potential that will cause 1 coulomb to do 1 joule of work

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46
Q

Three types of hydraulic reclosers and ratings

A

H-type operates 5-50amps
L-type operates 35-280
D type are voltage specific

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47
Q

Which rope is considered an insulator

A

Clean dry polypropylene rope

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48
Q

Two types of xfmr construction

A

Core type and shell type shell is the most common

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49
Q

How should a one bushing capacitor be treated??

A

It should be treated like a one bushing xfmr, due to improper grounding case could be come hot

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50
Q

Can a 6kva capacitor bank consists of a 6-100 ckva capacitors

A

Yes

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51
Q

What is a megger

A

A device used for testing high voltage resistance

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52
Q

Air arrestor=

A

Air gap in series with a resistor

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53
Q

What are the three methods of cooling a transformer

A

Oil,air,water

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54
Q

What are constant current xfmr a usually fixed at?

A

6.6 amps

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55
Q

What is an OTDR,

A

optical time delay reflectometer, used to test fiber

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56
Q

Three major components of an implosion sleeve

A

Steel inner,inner aluminum outter aluminum

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57
Q

How many Ibew international executive council’s districts

A

8

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58
Q

How often does the Ibew international convention meet?

A

5yrs

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59
Q

Who was the first Ibew president?

A

Henry miller

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60
Q

When was the Ibew organized?

A

November 28th 1891

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61
Q

Ac sine wave represents one cycle and is ___ -electrical degrees, with max value of ____-degrees and a opposite max value of _____

A

360,90,270

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62
Q

A low power factor due to lagging current condition can be improved by??

A

Adding capacitors to the line (ELI) inductive circuit needs a capacitance to improve power factor

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63
Q

_____,_____ adjust the voltage plus of minus 10% they have _____ boost and ____ buck at____% each step

A

Step regulators,16,16,5/8%

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64
Q

Osha requires a protection system for employees in a excavation 5’ or more. What choices for protection

A

Benching,sloping, shoring, shielding

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65
Q

A conductor with a diameter of 1” would convert to how many kc mills

A

1000 kc mills

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66
Q

Transformer____ratios and transformers_____ ratios are directly proportional

A

Voltage and turns ratio

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67
Q

Closed wye wye or closed delta delta can have one of the two angular displacements

A

0-180

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68
Q

Closed wye delta or closed delta wye can have one of the two angular displacements

A

30-210

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69
Q

An______ is a type of transformer with a single tapped high voltage winding. They are often used in transmission substations for 230kv to 161 kv

A

An auto transformer

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70
Q

Step voltage regulators are a type of auto transformer with primary connected____ with the line and secondary winding connected_____ with the load

A

Primary connected parallel, secondary connected in series

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71
Q

Why is a closed wye closed delta bank primary neutral floated

A

To prevent back feeding the line when the line becomes de-energized or to prevent back feeding to the high side of the transformer if the fuse blows

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72
Q

Why is a fourth cut out installed on a closed wye-delta bank

A

To prevent ferroresonance-if you do not tie down your neutral while closing the cutout(not having all three potentials) there is a build up of reactance and capacitance of up to 10x the normal voltage until you have all three cutouts closed, by tying down the neutral you will balance the voltage on the bus

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73
Q

On a open bank what kva capacity do you have of the two transformers being used

A

86.6%

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74
Q

What must be done before climbing above a de-energized transformer

A

Isolate the secondary leads

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75
Q

What do you need to do on a closed wye-wye xfmr bank

A

Tie the primary neutral to the secondary neutral to prevent over voltage on the secondary side

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76
Q

What purpose does a case ground serve

A

It grounds the tank and acts as the primary neutral on a single bushing can

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77
Q

How do you find full load current on a delta line

A

Kva/primary voltage times 1.73

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78
Q

How do you find full current on a wye line?

A

Kva/primary voltage

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79
Q

Xfmr core; how does it work and what is it made of

A

The core is part of the transformer in which the magnetic field oscillates. It consists of laminated iron or steel. The insulated coils are wound around the core in a desired shape, there are insulated to help reduce the corse loss and heating produced in the core

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80
Q

Describe a xfmr tank

A

Used to enclose the core and coils, acts as a protective barrier for the high voltage and current carrying parts, and holds the transformer oil

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81
Q

What are the xfmr bushings made of

A

Made of a strong wet process porcelain which insulates the line leads from the tank and are used to bring high voltage and low voltage leads to and from the core

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82
Q

There main parts of a csp.

A

A.circuit breaker on the secondary side
B.external tank mounted lighting arrestor
C.internal high voltage fuse mounted in the primary bushing

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83
Q

What are two of the basic types of lighting arrestors

A

Expulsion and valve

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84
Q

What are two main enemies of a transformer

A

Heat and over voltage

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85
Q

Steps to work on a capacitor

A

A.wait 5 min
B.shunt/short/ground after 5 minutes is over

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86
Q

Reclosures

A

Operates 3-4 times and the 4th time is slower to allow sectionalizer to open or to allow fuse to burn

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87
Q

Setctionalixers will not operate under load, they only operate when the reclosures is open

A
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88
Q

Sine wave goes numbers,

A

0-90-180-270-360

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89
Q

Resistance

A

Opposition to current flow in a conductor

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90
Q

What affects resistance

A

Material,temperature,size of wire

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91
Q

Corona

A

When a conductor is at a potential above the dielectric of air surrounding it

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92
Q

Inductive circuit
ELI

A

Voltage leads amperage or your amperage lags your voltage

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93
Q

Capacitive circuit;ICE

A

Amperage leads voltage or your voltage lags your amperage

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94
Q

Step potential

A

Birdging the gap between the gradient rings

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95
Q

Osha glove testing dates

A

Every 6months

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96
Q

Non flammable gas for dissipating an arc

A

Sf6 gas

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97
Q

Protective grounds must be be atleast___ ampacity and be able to handle max fault current

A

2

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98
Q

Impedance is measured in what

A

Capacitive reactance, inductive reactance, resistance

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99
Q

Air hoses colors

A

Blue-service
Red-emergency
Green-electric

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100
Q

How many years are hot sticks tested

A

2 yrs

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101
Q

How is primary metering measured

A

CT’s-pt’s

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102
Q

What prevents your H1 fed by a phase and H2 being hooked up to ground from going phase to ground

A

Counter electromagnetic force (emf)

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103
Q

What two ratios are the same

A

Turns ratio and voltage ratio

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104
Q

Why do you tie down the neutral on a wye wye

A

To prevent over voltage and unbalanced loads on your secondary side

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105
Q

Resistance is measured in ____

A

Ohms :R

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106
Q

Total opposition to current flow in an ac circuit is called ____ and is measured in ____

A

Impedance;ohms

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107
Q

In an ac circuits with reactance, the voltage can lead or lag current as much as…

A

90 degrees

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108
Q

Can transformers of a different kva be paralleled

A

Yes if the impedances are nearly the same, the load will split proportionally

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109
Q

Define polarity

A

A designation of the relative direction of current flow in the primary and secondary windings

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110
Q

In the box and out of the box

A

200-8660 transformer rated more than 200 or have higher primary rating than 8669 volts are subtractive

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111
Q

In order to properly parallel two transformers what factors what factors need to be checked

A

Same voltage ratios, nearly the same impedance and the same phase and polarity must be the same

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112
Q

The highest tap is called___and the lowest tap is called____

A

1,I,a
5,v,e

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113
Q

The primary booster is a conventional transformer connected how

A

As an auto xfmr; it is not grounded and has no fuse protection

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114
Q

Primary boosters raise and lower voltage by how much

A

5%-10%

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115
Q

What does a ground consist of

A

An artificial electrical connection to earth. Low resistance

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116
Q

In the wye system the voltage from tip to tip represents the?

A

System voltage

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117
Q

In the wye system the voltage from tip to the center represents?

A

Phase to ground voltage

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118
Q

What’s the most popular distribution system

A

7200/12470

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119
Q

How much more efficient is the wye system than the delta System

A

73%

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120
Q

Phasing and rotation rule

A

Phasing insures rotation, rotation does not ensure phasing

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121
Q

What is an unexplainable voltage condition exists in the wye wye and the wye delta transformer connections

A

Third harmonic 180 hertz unwanted voltage on the system

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122
Q

How much larger can the third harmonic voltage be than the phase voltage?

A

150%

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123
Q

On a wye delta connection where will there be a third harmonic voltage measured

A

Where the neutral bus floats

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124
Q

If a customer requests 120/240 three phase four wire, what transformers can be used

A

120/240

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125
Q

If a customer wants 240 three phase three wire what xfmr transformer can be used??

A

120/240 in series or 240/480 parallel

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126
Q

If a customer wants 120/208 three phase four wire what xmfr can be used

A

120/240 in parallel

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127
Q

When going from a closed bank to an open bank what is the kva rating of the bank?

A

86.6% of the two remaining transformers or 57.7% of the initial 3

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128
Q

What is the disadvantage of the open wye open delta bank connection can be a hazard to a lineman working on the bank

A

The primary neutral also Carries the full load current even though the load is balanced. If the primary neutral connection is disconnected when the bank is energized. One half of the phase to ground will be present

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129
Q

Can a csp xfmr’s be used in an open wye open delta bank?

A

Yes

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130
Q

On an open wye open delta bank. What would happen if one of the primary phases were to be switched to the other phase

A

The rotation would be reversed, all the secondary voltages would stay the same

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131
Q

Can a closed delta and an open delta bank be paralleled

A

Yes when properly phased

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132
Q

What condition would exist if one primary fuse blown on an open wye open delta bank or an open delta delta if the three phase load is still connected

A

A slight back feed voltage will exist on the other primary lead of the blown transformer

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133
Q

In a three phase bank how is the single phase and the three phase load split

A

The lighter pot Carries two thirds of the single phase and each other pot Carrie’s one third of the single phase load, the three phase load splits evenlu

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134
Q

What would happen if a csp is used as the lighter pot and the secondary breaker opens

A

It would isolate the neutral causing unequal voltages and have an open neutral situation

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135
Q

When the primary neutral on a wye delta bank is floated and the secondary wild leg is opened to the load the voltage is measured across this gap it will read approximately 1.5times phase to ground

A

What is this phenomenon called..third harmonic voltage when the primary neutral is grounded the voltage will return to 0

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136
Q

In a wye delta bank what two things happen if the neutral bus becomes grounded and a primary xfmr fuse is blown

A

The bank remains remains the same as before except the bank capacity is reduced to 57% of the banks ratings

137
Q

The transformer on the blown fuse line acts as a step up transformer and provides power to the so called dead line also know as what?

A

Back feed

138
Q

On a wye delta bank what is the voltage on the floated neutral bus if two transformer fuses are blown

A

Full phase to ground voltage

139
Q

What is the voltage on a floated neutral bus on a wye delta bank every time it is energized or de-energized or a primary line is ethier energized or de-energized

A

One half to full phase to ground voltage will be present on the neutral buss

140
Q

Is there third harmonic on a delta delta

A

No

141
Q

In a wye wye bank what just be done to the primary neutral

A

It must be tied to the system neutral or else excessive voltage may develop on the secondary side

142
Q

On a wye wye what happens if the primary neutral is disconnected from the system neutral

A

A third harmonic voltage will exist between the primary neutral and the system neutral and ground. This excessive voltage can be hazardous

143
Q

What is the core of a transformer made of?

A

Laminated iron or steel core which two or more coils are wound

144
Q

What are 11 components of a transformer

A

Core,coil,ratio,tank,bushings,cooling,
Losses,taps,impedance,polarity,
Name plate

145
Q

Permeability

A

The ease at which soft iron conducts magnetic lines of force

146
Q

In coils, in comparison to the primary and secondary coils. What are the size and number of turns and insulation of the coil wires

A

Primary..more turns, smaller wire,higher insulation
Secondary…less turns, bigger wire,lower insulation

147
Q

What is the shape of the primary and secondary coils

A

Primary is round or rectangular or sheet
Secondary is usually rectangular or a sheet

148
Q

Askarel is also known as what?

A

PCB

149
Q

Losses: what are the two main transformer losses

A

Iron and copper losses which consist of eddy currents and hysteresis losses

150
Q

What does iron loss consist

A

Eddy currents and hysteresis losses; that’s why the core is laminated

151
Q

The amount of current to fully magnetize the iron core is sometimes known as the

A

Exciting current or charging current

152
Q

What is the formula for copper loss

A

I2R

153
Q

When changing taps what happens to the secondary voltage when you raise and lower the taps

A
  1. When you raise it the secondary voltage goes down
    2.when you lower it raises the secondary voltage
154
Q

Sysmbol for impedance

A

Z

155
Q

Capacitance is measured in____and the stability is ___

A

Farads ;c

156
Q

Inductance is measured in___an the symbol___

A

Henerys;L

157
Q

Inductive reactance is measured in___and the symbol is___

A

Ohms;XL

158
Q

Capacitive reactance is measured in ___ and the symbol is___

A

Ohms;XC

159
Q

Impedance is measured in___and the symbol is___

A

Ohms;Z

160
Q

A three phase line can use wire___% smaller and hold the same load as 1 phase two wire system

A

75%

161
Q

Defibrillation can occur from how much to current for how long

A

1 amp for .01 seconds

162
Q

How often to test grounds

A

Every 2 yrs

163
Q

How many feet to keep away from lines in a sub

A

15ft

164
Q

Turns ratio and voltage ratio are

A

Directly proportional

165
Q

Power factor=

A

True power divided by apparent power

166
Q

When do you test rubber blankets and sleeves

A

Every 12months

167
Q

What type of device is a transformer

A

Electromagnetic device

168
Q

What size of bit do you need for a 5/8’s bolt

A

11/16 drill bit

169
Q

Why do we put aluminum over copper

A

Because the copper will corrode on the the aluminum if it is on top

170
Q

Percent efficient of knots,hitches and splices

A

Knots 50% hitches 75% splices 85%

171
Q

How many lumens are one candle power

A

12.75

172
Q

Which way does a capacitor improve power factor in line, towards the sub or away

A

Towards the sub

173
Q

In a capacitor what gives them more capacitance

A

The size of the plate. The larger the plate the more capacitance, the closer the plates the more capacitance

174
Q

What does a capacitor consist of

A

Two thin pieces of metal or foil separated by a dielectric, then inserted in to a metal case along with a discharge liquid. At the top one or two high voltage bushings

175
Q

Transformers work off the principle of

A

Mutual induction

176
Q

What’s does KVAR stand for?

A

Kilo volt amp reactive

177
Q

What is polarity in a transformer

A

Direction of current flow between the primary and secondary

178
Q

Power factor equals

A

True power over apparent power

179
Q

What device breaks the arc on air break switches

A

The arcing horns

180
Q

What is line loss

A

The amount of voltage lost by pushing current through a resistance

181
Q

What is the maximum ground resistance a structure can have

A

25 ohms

182
Q

Heavy load lines are protected by the use

A

Ocb or ocr sectionalizers and fuse cutouts

183
Q

Sagging charts are used to show what two things

A

Distance and temp

184
Q

What are two things are checked before final sag is started

A

Anchors and guys

185
Q

What is buss works in a sub for

A

Aluminum or Cooper used to connect equipment together

186
Q

What is the force which makes electricity flow

A

EMF electromotive force

187
Q

If a shock victim received several burns but was not killed, how many amps do you think when through his body

A

.2 amps

188
Q

Adding parallel loads to a circuit will___ total circuit resistance and___ total circuit current

A

Decrease resistance and increase current

189
Q

What is the polarity of electrons when they enter a load

A

Negative to positive

190
Q

How does an analog meter work?

A

On the principle that like poles repel each other

191
Q

List three steps that should be followed when reading a multimeter

A

Determine what the meter indicates, determine the full scale value of the meter,read the meter

192
Q

Two types ohm meters

A

Series and shunt

193
Q

Three factors that determine the amount of voltage that will be induced in a transformer

A

Number or turns of the wire, strength of the magnetic field,speed of the cutting action

194
Q

Stand taps for a transformer

A

Normally there is two taps at 2.5% each that go up and two taps at 2.5% each going down with 100% being in the middle

195
Q

Auto transformer are what?

A

Lower cost,single coil,smaller size,lighter weight,more efficient, less noise then doing a booster

196
Q

What is convection

A

How oil is circulated in a transformer from hot to cold

197
Q

How over loaded can a transformer before it starts to pop tops

A

125-150%

198
Q

What kva is a 4 bushing can?

A

Anything over a 100

199
Q

Y law

A

Coil amperage=line amperage
Coil voltage x 1.73=line voltage

200
Q

Primary and secondary turns

A

Smaller wire more turns
Secondary larger wire less turns

201
Q

How are transformer windings connect primary to secondary??

A

Coils are magnetically coupled

202
Q

Magnetic reluctance

A

The resistance to the formation of flux in a magnetic circuit

203
Q

Hysteresis losses are

A

Known as excitation loss, energy consumed when the iron core is magnetized and demagnetized by AC power at 120 time a second

204
Q

Copper loss

A

The losses in a xfmr due to the resistance of the wires making up the turns of the primary winding

205
Q

How is hysteresis losses reduced

A

The core is made of more permeable iron making it easier to magnetize and demagnetize

206
Q

What is the core of a transformer made of

A

Laminated steel or iron of which two or more coils are wound

207
Q

How is a current transformer connected?

A

Series

208
Q

How is a potential transformer connected

A

Parallel

209
Q

What is a circular mil

A

A circle with a diameter of one thousandth of an inch

210
Q

Volts and amps are ____ proportional

A

Inversely

211
Q

What percentage of electrical contractors worked in the field before hand

A

83%

212
Q

3 main causes of accidents

A

Human elements,acts of nature,mechanical failure

213
Q

What is a natural enemy of rubber gloves

A

Oil and grease

214
Q

What would you use to cover a primary insulator

A

A rubber blanket or hood

215
Q

Max exposure for rubber goods is

A

36kv

216
Q

An enclosed space at 5 feet requires what?

A

Mechanical retrieval device

217
Q

Oxygen levels in an enclosed space must be

A

23.5 max
20.8 normal
19.5 minimum

218
Q

What is the greatest risk of blood borne pathogens

A

Hepatitis b

219
Q

Minimum overlap distance of an extension ladder is

A

3 feet

220
Q

What’s the Safest distance radius from machinery for a swing radius

A

6ft

221
Q

What is found in pvc that can cause cancer

A

Carcinogens

222
Q

How many vice presidents districts are in the Ibew

A

11

223
Q

Oder that union meeting is conducted

A

Roberts rules of order

224
Q

The light used in fiber

A

Infrared

225
Q

Extra high voltage is considered what range

A

34 kv and up

226
Q

In common distro transformers the tap changer is located on what coil

A

The primary coil

227
Q

What is the main advantage of a wye secondary over a delta secondary

A

It’s more efficient because the load is balanced

228
Q

Two 50 kva transformer’s are connected open delta open delta. What is the capacitor of the bank

A

86.6%

229
Q

What are two types of transformers are used for primary metering

A

Current transformers and potential transformers

230
Q

Transformers are additive polarity if there kva rating is

A

Less than 200 kva

231
Q

Transformer tap changers are located where

A

Located in the oil the primary coil and control handle is located above the oil

232
Q

How are lightning arrestors connected

A

In series with a resistor

233
Q

3 advantages of bundling conductors

A

Cuts down on corona loss, lower line loss, 50% of the reactance of a single conductor

234
Q

Define corona

A

An electrical discharge at the surface of a conductor accompanied by the ionization of the surrounding atmosphere

235
Q

When banking transformer what’s a rule of thumb for max safe rating for the bank

A

Three times the kva of the smallest can

236
Q

What element is the element in apparent power that does not do any work

A

KVAR

237
Q

1 watt

A

One amp flowing under one volt pressure

238
Q

How many watts equals one horsepower

A

746watts

239
Q

Define impedance

A

Total opposition to the flow of current in an AC circuit, measured in ohms

240
Q

Define inductance

A

Ability to induce a magnetic field on a conductor
Measured in henrys

241
Q

What type of transformer is used for series street lighting

A

A constant current transformer

242
Q

3types of faults

A

Open circuit,short circuit,ground fault

243
Q

Most common reason for transmission line failure

A

Insulation flashover

244
Q

What is a vector

A

A line having a magnitude and direction

245
Q

What do you use when raising a conductor to prevent it from falling on the other side

A

Holding tong

246
Q

What determines the strength of magnetic field when current flows through a conductor

A

Amount of current

247
Q

T/F an inductive circuit the voltage leads the current by 90 degrees

A

True ELI the ICE man

248
Q

T/F the external air gap of a distribution surge protectors is designed to prevent spark over by normal system voltage if the lightning arrestor fails

A

True

249
Q

T/F if lightning arrester connections are to long, to much resistance might force high voltage surges into the xfmr

A

True

250
Q

T/F in wiring the arrester connections, the wire must be smaller than the primary drop

A

False

251
Q

What is the safety factor of new rope compared to old rope

A

New is 5 to one
Old is 10 to one

252
Q

What are three things do you look for in an injured person

A

Response, bleeding,pulse

253
Q

Can porcelain withstand more compression or tension

A

Compression

254
Q

What is the main advantage of a pin type insulator

A

Cheaper and requires shorter pole for the same overhead clearance

255
Q

What is a voltage regulator and how does it work?

A

An electrical apparatus used to regulate voltage at 10% above or 10% below line voltage at 32 steps alot 5/8 (high side is connected in parallel and the secondary side is connected in series

256
Q

What are the parts of a rope

A

The fibers, strands, and yarns

257
Q

Formula for RMS

A

707 x peak

258
Q

RMS is known as

A

Effective voltage

259
Q

What is a permanent fault

A

Where the circuit cannot be automatically reckoned. A line crew is needed to repair and re-energize the circuit

260
Q

Formula for line loss

A

The amount of voltage lost by pushing current through the resistor
I squared R

261
Q

The step voltage regulator is basically a what

A

Auto transformer

262
Q

What does the load bonus’s settings do on a voltage regulator

A

Allow the regulator to handle larger amounts of current, used when the voltage regulator becomes over loaded. They are mechanical stop positions

263
Q

Induction regulators have two series coils, by operating the coils in series how will they be rated, how will they be rated in parallel

A

+-10% when in series, +-5% when in parallel but carry twice the amperage

264
Q

Should surge arrestors be installed on voltage regulators

A

Yes, on the source side

265
Q

T/F: series can happen when you contact two current carrying sources at the same time

A

False: second point of contact

266
Q

T/F: if you have high primary voltage on a transformer your secondary voltage will be low

A

False

267
Q

What is semi con for?

A

Disperse eddy currents

268
Q

4 ways a transformer is cooled

A

Air,oil,fans,fins

269
Q

What are the five types of strand conductor shapes

A

Concentric round,round,compact round, anular,compact sector,segmental

270
Q

How are rubber gloves rated

A

Phase to phase

271
Q

What type of hard hat do we wear

A

Type e good for 20,000 volts

272
Q

What are steps are taken for proper ground

A

Need low resistance
Clean and tight
Connections made at proper points
Adequate current carrying capacity

273
Q

What sizes do capacitors come in

A

15,25,50,150,200 KVA but 100,150 and 200 are the most common

274
Q

Typical crystalline silicon cell produces how much power

A

Approximately 1 watt of power

275
Q

When connecting closed wye,closed wye, why do you always connect the primary and the secondary neutral’s together

A

To prevent fluctuating voltage on the secondary side

276
Q

What is the procedure to take out a transformer on a parallel circuit

A

Make sure the remaining transformer will hold the load, then take out the secondary legs and tape, take the high side off, then remove the neutral and the tank grounds

277
Q

What is the laminated core made of on a transformer

A

Steel

278
Q

Explain the procedure for paralleling 2 transformers

A

Check to make sure that they have the same phase and voltage rating, be within impedance percentage and polarity. If ok, then hook up grounds and neutral, then primary side, then phase in secondary side with voltmeter. Conductors are phased in when voltmeter reads zero

279
Q

What is the current limiting properties of an inductor called

A

Inductive reactance

280
Q

Rubber gloves cuffs are rate at what kva

A

10,000 volts per one inch

281
Q

What is the purpose of rubber gloves sticking out of the protectors

A

To protect against flash over

282
Q

What is the advantage of a wye over a delta system

A

A wye can carry 73% more load current than a delta and provides a balanced load

283
Q

How do you determine the mechanical advantage using block and tackle

A

Count the number of lines not to include the fall line to determine the mechanical advantage

284
Q

What is semicon for

A

Dispenses eddy currents

285
Q

Why is it dangerous to a lineman to open a primary neutral

A

It may cause a fire because the neutral Carrie’s the unbalanced load of all the single or 3 phase circuits

286
Q

In common distribution transformers, the tap changer is located in which coil

A

The primary

287
Q

What is used when paralleling 2 secondary circuit

A

Voltmeter

288
Q

Can the distribution transformer used in a 2400 volt, 3 wire delta system be used in a 3 phase, 4 wire 4160 volt wye system

A

Yes

289
Q

What is the procedure for tagging

A

Identify, test, isolate,ground.

290
Q

What is the procedure for tagging

A

Identify, test, isolate,ground.

291
Q

T/F: a transformer whose secondary voltage rating is 240/120 volts has two independent coils, each rated 120 volts

A

False

292
Q

T/f: a transformer bank whose secondary voltage readings to ground read -120,120,208 is connected wye

A

False

293
Q

T/f- single phasing occurs when one fuse blows on a wye-delta bank with the primary neutral bus grounded

A

True

294
Q

T/F: two wires of a delta primary feeder can be used to supply 3 phase to a customer.

A

False

295
Q

T/f: when the secondary breaker is opened on a csp transformer, the primary becomes de-energized

A

False

296
Q

T/F a 4160 volt transformer when used on a 2400/4160 volt systems requires only on cutout and arrestor

A

False, delta

297
Q

T/f: a subtractive polarity transformer cannot be used in a Bank of additive polarity transformer

A

False

298
Q

When using a test instrument to measure resistance, what 3 factors effect the amount of resistance

A

Resistance of the electrode, the contacts of resistance between the electrode-earth, resistance of the surround earth

299
Q

How many indicating pointers does a maximeter have

A

Two

300
Q

Can a maximeter be removed from a conductor, reset to zero and immediately be placed on another conductor

A

No, it must be allowed to cool

301
Q

What determines the strength of the magnetic field in a circuit

A

The amount of current that flows through a conductor

302
Q

Alternating circuits loads are generally described as being

A

Resistive, inductive, capacitive loads

303
Q

List 3 factors which determine the amount of voltage that will be induced in a conductor

A

The size, type and length of the conductor

304
Q

What are 3 factors determine the capacitance of a capacitor

A

The area of plates, the distance between the plates and the type of dielectric used

305
Q

List 4 types of controls that are used with capacitors

A

Time switched, time temp, voltage and current

306
Q

List 5 factors which effect the amount and type of capacitor banks installed on distributon circuits

A

Length of the circuits, residential lines, rural lines, commercial lines, industrial lines

307
Q

What do you do when you size up a distribution job

A

Identify all the hazards on the pole

308
Q

Names 3 types of wire ring saddles

A

Pole type saddles, cross are saddles, tower saddles

309
Q

When does a recloser usually lock out??

A

After 4 operations

310
Q

The most common defect in insulators are

A

Cracks in the porcelain

311
Q

What is the national electrical code definition of medium voltage ranges

A

From 2001-3500 volts

312
Q

Define splice

A

The joining of two of more conductors

313
Q

List 3 major components of an implosive compression splice for an scar conductor

A

Steel inner sleeve, aluminum sleeve outer, aluminum sleeve

314
Q

What happens if a lead wire supplying on lamp in a series circuit is broken

A

It interrupts the entire circuit

315
Q

Define Lumen

A

One unit of light output

316
Q

What is a reflector made of?

A

Porcelain, metal,silvered glass

317
Q

Gaseous conductor lamps have a circuit limiting devices called

A

Ballasts (choke coils)

318
Q

A fluorescent lamp requires a____ to limit circuit during operations

A

Ballast

319
Q

Which direction with the motor turn if a phase sequence of a 3 phase system is 321

A

Counter-clockwise

320
Q

If a line is balanced with 10 amps on a a phase and on b phase and on c phase how many amps are on the neutral

A

0 amps

321
Q

What does getting in series mean

A

It is getting between the line and load or between the line and ground or between the line and the line essence becoming a human Mack

322
Q

How many bushings does a 277/480 can have in the secondary side

A

2 bushings

323
Q

What is a 3 phase transformer

A

3 single phase transformer in one can using one core

324
Q

What does the term frequency mean in a relationship to AC circuit and voltage

A

It is the number of complete cycles in one second shown by a sine wave

325
Q

What are the current limiting properties of an inductor called

A

Inductive reactance measured in ohms

326
Q

If one circuit is regulated and the other is unregulated can they be tired together with out other immediate action

A

No the circuit that is regulated must be set to zero before they can be tied in with phasing set

327
Q

Explain the procedure for removing grounds on a distribution or transmission line

A

Furthest to nearest then ground

328
Q

In a wye underground system shielded cable requires the installation of a neutral where concentric cable does not

A

Cable that does not come with a built in concentric cable requires a neutral to be laid next to it

329
Q

Apparent power is

A

The total power supplied in a circuit, apparent power is a combination of active power and reactive power

330
Q

Power factor

A

The ratio of active power to apparent power

331
Q

Which side of the pole is the face

A

The concave or inside of the sweep or bow

332
Q

Which side is the back

A

The convex side

333
Q

Where does the framing and equipment go on the wood pole

A

The face

334
Q

2 copper mac amapacity

A

230 amps

335
Q

1/0 copper mac ampacity

A

310

336
Q

2/0 copper mac copper mac amapcity

A

355

337
Q

4/0 copper mac amapcity

A

480

338
Q

Carbon in oil in a transformer is a indication of what?

A

Arcing

339
Q

How many volts per foot is a hot stick tested at?

A

100,000 per foot

Jl Exam 2 (1 decks)

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