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dt > general > Flashcards

general Flashcards

1
Q

examples of sensors

A

moisture sensors
temperature sensors
push to make (PTM) - doorbells, keyboards
reed switch - controlled by magnetic fields

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2
Q

examples of processes

A

ICs and microcontrollers

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3
Q

output examples

A

LEDs, buzzers, lamps, loudspeakers, motors

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4
Q

environmental controls of circuitry

A

RoHS - restriction of hazardous substances in electrical equipment such as lead, mercury

WEEE - waste electrical and electronic equipment, ensures safe disposal of obsolete circuitry eg batteries

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5
Q

surface treatments of paper and board

A

additives - to help ink dry, speeds up rate of printing so mass printing
embossing - gives texture through rollers
varnish - top coat of thin varnish such as UV varnish

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6
Q

surface treatments of timber and board

A

seasoning - wood is full of moisture so it is sliced and dried

tanalising - outdoor wood is dipped in preservative so it wont rot and is susceptible to insect attack

varnish - smooths and protects, wax/paint

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7
Q

polymer surface treatments

A

UV stabilising chemical can be added to reduce UV degradation
vinyl decals can be added to protect

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8
Q

metal surface treatments

A

annealing - heating a metal and allowing it to cool slowly so its ductile and easy to bend

dipcoating - heating metal and dipping in plastic granules which melt to make a smooth, conductive handle
powder coating - high pressure powder sprayed on
galvanising - ferrous metals rust, so coated ina protective layer of zinc

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9
Q

textile surface finishes

A

flame retardant
dye and ink
flame proof fibres
antistain additives

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10
Q

electronic surface finishes

A

photosensitive CB board has surface anodised with aluminium to improve hardness
laquer lubricates PCB to avoid damage from moisture

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11
Q

what is wastage

A

where material is cut away to form a shape

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12
Q

die cutting

A

cutting a shape by pressing a die cut shape through the material, sharp metal blade. cuts metal and polymers

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13
Q

perforation

A

line of cuts through thin material making easily ripped lines such as for cheques

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14
Q

lathes

A

material spins and tools shape it and shave layers off

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15
Q

milling

A

thin layer of metal removed each turn at a carefully measured depth and speed. can cut horizontally and vertically

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16
Q

saws

A

tenon, jigsaw, scroll, coping

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17
Q

shearing

A

like scissors but for metal

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18
Q

what is addition

A

where materials are added to form shapes

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19
Q

brazing

A

heats joints using brass/zinc to fill holes. uses spelter stick to fill the holes

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20
Q

welding

A

melts and fuses metal parts using a filler. can use electricity

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21
Q

soldering

A

joining using solder (an alloy) of tin and lead with a hot iron.

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22
Q

vaccum forming process

A

put mould on platform
thermoplastic heated
pulled over mould
vacuum sucks air
takes mould’s shape

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23
Q

drape moulding

A

shape the thermoforming polymers by heating sheet plastic until it is soft enough to drape over a mould and then sets

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24
Q

quality checks for paper, board, and fabric printing

A

registration marks to check print rollers and plates are in place - cross in circle

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25
Q

quality checks go/no go

A

method of checking whether parts fit within limits

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26
Q

quality checks depth stops

A

pillar drills adjustable length

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27
Q

types of boards

A

chipboard - wood chips and sawdust compacted with glue
MDF - processed pulp, flattened and dried
plywood - thin layers of timber cut and glued at 90 degrees

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28
Q

4 scales of production

A

continuous
mass
batch
one off

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29
Q

quality checks x4

A

depth stops
laser cutters
ink in printer measured
exposure in PCBs
clothing sampled

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30
Q

what is a cooperative

A

groups of people such as employees who share ownership of the business and work together to ensure fairtrade

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31
Q

how are companies more ethically friendly

A

dyson - vacuum cleaner has interhangable parts which are easy to repair
fair trade fabrics
fake fur to stop killing animals
more factories reshored to stop transport and emissions

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32
Q

what is planned obsolescence

A

how long products are expected to last until they are obsolete and of no use.

33
Q

how to shape paper

A

cutting - scissors, guillotine, lasercutter maybe even metal die
creasing and scoring -
perforating - dies or lasercutter

34
Q

how to shape timber

A

cutting - saw
drilling - pillar/power drill
chiselling - electric routers
sanding - sandpaper, filing
planing - planer or power planer

35
Q

how to shape metal

A

cutting - shears, guillotine, saw
drilling - pillar/power drill
milling
casting - molten metal in mould
HYDRAULIC PRESS - kitchen sinks, car parts

36
Q

how to shape polymers

A

cutting
drilling
casting
forming (vaccum)
printing
joining - liquid solvent cement

37
Q

alloys examples

A

brass = brass + zinc
used in decorative metal such as candles sticks

pewter = tin +antimony + copper
used in jewellery, cutlery

38
Q

what metals can be forged by hand

A

iron and steel, hammered to form shapes such as gates, swords, horseshoes

39
Q

sand casting metal process

A

moulds created with an oiled sand with an entrance (runner), and an exit (riser). cooled and then remoulded then trimmed. only used once

40
Q

die casting

A

water cooled mould has molten metal injected into it then cooled. can be used repeatedly

41
Q

pros of being renewable

A

after set up, energy supply is free
energy source is infinite

42
Q

deforestation cons.

A

hardwoods grow slowly so cant be replaced in a lifetime
more carbon emissions
less carbon offsetting
damages watercycle - flooding
less wildlife habitats

43
Q

mining and drilling cons.

A

loss of habitat
deforestation
noise and light pollution
water run off of chemicals
unsustainable

44
Q

farming cons.

A

more space needed so more deforestation and less offsetting

45
Q

6rs hierarchy

A

refuse
rethink
reduce
reuse
repair
recycle

46
Q

levels of recycling

A

primary - reusing without modification
secondary - modifying for different purpose
tertiary - reprocessing to make new material

47
Q

dynamic loads stress

A

static load force < dynamic load force

48
Q

FORCE =

A

FORCE = MASS X ACCELERATION

49
Q

what is shear

A

opposite directions of horizontal force = vertical force

50
Q

example of a logging concern agency

A

FSC - forest stewardship council tries to stop illegal logging and desertification

51
Q

how can timber be processed

A

PAR - planed all round or rough sawn

52
Q

how to make veneers mass production

A

rotational veneer production : the wood spins on a wheel thing and a sharp tool takes a thin strip off

53
Q

advantages of using a board

A

large numbers so sheets with no faults/defects
aesthetic flaws such as knots can be eliminated
little finish needed
made of wood that would otherwise go to landfill
available in a vast range of surface finishes

54
Q

disadv of boards

A

adhesives toxic
traditional joints mat be less effective
edges hard to finish
prone to absorption of water

55
Q

adv to stock froms

A

cost efficiency - minimises waste
structural reliability - up to code
time-saving - less cutting

56
Q

joints

A

butt
dowelled
mitre
housing
mortise + tenon

57
Q

how to bend wood easily

A

soaked in water - more malleable
hot steam box

58
Q

commercial cutting

A

saw drill milling

59
Q

commercial turning

A

CNC lathe

60
Q

smelting process

A

lava lamp
/ input \
/ waste gas \
\ slag /
\ molten iron/

61
Q

ore of alumium

A

bauxite ore
chemically refined using electrolysis

62
Q

what is pig iron

A

like the beskar things where they pour it out of a crucible into moulds
THE INGOTS ARE THE PIG IRON

63
Q

what is duralumin

A

lightweight. aluminium alloy w copper magnesium and manganese
used in aircrafts, car panels

64
Q

what is pitch

A

the thichness of the thread on scres etc

65
Q

types of rivets

A

pop rivets/cold formed rivets

66
Q

adv of pop rivets

A

stronger than welding, only needs one side’s access

67
Q

cold formed rivets explain

A

they snap on with access to both sides

68
Q

what is knurling

A

the lattice engraving on a torch eg for aesthetics or grip

69
Q

what is the melted stick called in brazinf and welding

A

the spelter

70
Q

what is work hardening

A

working a piece of metal makes it harder but also more brittle

71
Q

what is annealing

A

heating the metal and cooling it to make it more malleable and to relieve internal stresses
makes soldering stronger as it is more receptive

72
Q

what is blanking

A

where the die is on the botto and the punch goes down on it and cuts the metal into x shape

73
Q

what is temperign

A

the workpiece is reheated again and left to cool in the air which tempers it making it more tough and less brittle

74
Q

what is hardening

A

the metal is heated to a temmperature then rapidly quenched in water/oil

75
Q

finsihes on metal:

A

plastic dipcoating - insulation, ergonomics, aesthetics
powder coating - electrostatically applied then cured
zinc galvanising
electroplating - other coat of metal on top
sand blasting - sand/lead shot under pressure

76
Q

types of polymers and examples

A

natural - latex/amber
bioplastics - biopol soya, PLA corn
synthetic - nylon, EPS for packaging

77
Q

why are plastics good

A

good strength : weight ratio
versatile
raw materials cheap
less processing energy
easily mass produced
less transport costs

78
Q

why are plastics bad

A

use crude oil - finite
pollution of CFCs and CO2
requies energy
carcinogenic toxins in PVC
unbiodegradable
low cost -> throwaway
plasticisers leach toxins

79
Q

plastic additives

A

stabilisers - stop UV damage
pigments
plasticisers - more flexible
fragrances
antibacterial

dt (7 decks)

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