General

Question 1

P values – chi-squared, p<0.05

Answer 1

1. There is a less than 0.05/5% probability that the difference(s) (between observed and expected) occurred by chance;
   Accept ‘there is a greater than 0.95/95% probability that the difference did not occur by chance’.

Question 2

t-test - Looking for differences between two means;

Correlation – correlation between 2 variables

Answer 2

2. Calculated value is greater than critical value so the null hypothesis can be rejected;
   Ignore ‘difference is significant

Question 3

Conclusions/evaluations

Answer 3

Does the data support the conclusion/evaluation/statement?
Sample size
Bias in getting sample – random number generators, asking people – do they speak the truth?, placebo, blind/double blind testing, is it in their interests to get certain results
Age/gender/health/geographical discrepancies
Statistical testing
Error bars/standard deviation
Is the range of IV specific enough? Should they repeat using more specific IVs?
Time between testing and reporting (is it long enough?)
Isolation – are they using organelles/enzymes/etc. outside of the organism they are normally found in?
If the question states relating to THIS investigation (probably will) - relate your answers to it.

Question 4

Measuring with a microscope

Answer 4

Measure with eyepiece graticule / scale;
Calibrate with stage micrometer / scale on slide / object of known size;
Repeats and calculate the mean;
OR
Use a ruler to estimate the field diameter under microscope;
How many ** are in the field of view;
Repeats and calculate mean;

Question 5

Biological drawing

Answer 5

1. Don’t use shading;
2. Only use single lines / don’t use sketching (lines) / ensure lines are continuous / connected;
3. Add further labels / annotations;
4. Don’t cross label lines;
5. Add magnification / scale (bar);

Question 6

Controls and continued use of normal medication in medical trials

Answer 6

1. (Stop because) medication could affect heart rate or factor being investigated;
2. (Continue because) stopping could put the patient at too great a risk;

Question 7

Serial dilution (1 in 10)

Answer 7

1. Add 1 part (bacteria) culture to 9 parts (sterile) liquid;
2. Mix (well);