General

Question 1

Presidential Decree 1308 Sec. 2a defines it as referring to ‘all activities concerned with the management and development of land, as well as the preservation, conservation and management of the human environment
a. Urban Planning
b. Human ecology
c. Environmental Management
d. Environmental Planning

Answer 1

d. Environmental Planning

Question 2

Urban planning is “concerned with providing the right place at the right site at the right time” for the right people.
a. John Ratcliffe
b. Lewis Keeble
c. Brian Mclughlin
d. George Chadwick e. Alan Wilson

Answer 2

a. John Ratcliffe

Question 3

Which is not a key feature of ‘professional’ planning process? a. Proactive
b. Problem solving
c. Algorithmic
d. Futuristic
e. People-driven

Answer 3

c. Algorithmic

Question 4

As defined by PD 1517 and by National Statistics Office, ‘urban’ area has the following characteristics except one:
a. It exports substantial quantities of processed products.
b. Core district’s density is at least 500 per square kilometer.
c. Overall density of at least 1000 persons per square kilometer
d. Exhibits a street pattern

Answer 4

a. It exports substantial quantities of processed products.

Question 5

The most recent re-definition of ‘urban’ by NSCB (2003) does not include one of the following.
a. If a barangay has more fishery output and shellcraft activities compared to farms, then it is considered urban
b. If a barangay has population size of 5,000 or more, then it is considered urban;
c. If a barangay has at least one establishment with 100 employees or more, then it is considered urban. d. If a barangay has 5 or more establishments with a minimum of 10 employees, and 5 or more facilities within the twokilometer radius from the barangay hall, then it is considered urban

Answer 5

a. If a barangay has more fishery output and shellcraft activities compared to farms, then it is considered urban

Question 6

A ‘city’ is a significantly-large urban area which has:
a. A cluster of skyscrapers
b. A charter of legal proclamation
c. A rectilinear or orthogonal street design
d. A seaport or an airport

Answer 6

b. A charter of legal proclamation

Question 7

In a November 2008 ruling of the Supreme Court upholding RA 9009’s amendment of Sec. 450 of RA 7160 LGC, the statutory requirements for an LGU’s elevation to cityhood are:
a. Contiguous territory of at least 100 km2 except for island/group islands. b. Minimum annual income of P100 million based 1991 constant prices.
c. Population of at least 150,000
d. All of the choices

Answer 7

d. All of the choices

Question 8

Under RA7160 Sec 452, what is the minimum population requirement to approve a Highly Urbanized City?
a. At least 200,000
b. At least 500,000
c. At least 1 million
d. At least 10 million

Answer 8

a. At least 200,000

Question 9

This pertains to the process wherein large numbers of people, driven by demographic factors, live together in important locations –a process that is always accompanied by economicagglomeration, spatial
alteration, and socio-cultural change a. Industrialization
b. Urbanization
c. Social Transformation
d. Modernization

Answer 9

b. Urbanization

Question 10

If ‘pre-industrial society’ was mainly agricultural, kinship-based, self-sufficient, and relatively parochial, ‘industrial society’ in contrast
a. Minimizes farming to channel capital into factories
b. Prioritizes mining of minerals and precious stones
c. Aims for mass production thru mechanization & automation
d. Relies on the output of white-collar professionals

Answer 10

c. Aims for mass production thru mechanization & automation

Question 11

Due to greater ‘division of labor’, there is more heterogeneity of population and classes of workers beginning with
a. Primitive subsistence society
b. Pre-industrial society
c. Industrial society
d. Post-industrial society

Answer 11

c. Industrial society

Question 12

The expansion of human populations away from central urban areas into low density, mono functional and usually cardependent communities, in a process called suburbanization. In addition to describing a particular form of urbanization, the term also relates to the social and environmental consequences associated with this development.
a. Decentralization
b. Dispersion
c. Exurbanization
d. Urban Sprawl

Answer 12

d. Urban Sprawl

Question 13

In Michael P. Todaro’s Labor Migration Model of Urbanization (1976), the central pull factor or main attraction of Third World cities to rural migrants even when these cities are unprepared to accept migration, is
a. “blight lights effect” or lure of city life and neon-lit entertainment
b. Possible benefits derived from proximity to seat of power and prestige of central city address
c. Abundance and plenitude in cities versus hunger and famine due to insurgency wars in the countryside.
d. Substantial wage differentials between urban labor and rural labor for the same level of skill, task, or occupation

Answer 13

d. Substantial wage differentials between urban labor and rural labor for the same level of skill, task, or occupation

Question 14

According to Dr. Francis Stuart Chapin Jr in the first comprehensive textbook on urban planning ever written ( 1965 ), the explicit goals of urban planning are the following, except one:
a. Health & Safety
b. Convenience and amenity
c. Tolerance and plurality
d. Efficiency & economy

Answer 14

c. Tolerance and plurality

Question 15

The following are the stated goals of ‘urban development policy’ (NUDHF) in the Philippines, except one:
a. To achieve a more balanced urban-rural interdependence
b. To slow down rural-to-urban movement by means of migration control and population management c. To optimally utilize land and resources to meet the requirements of housing and urban development d. To undertake a comprehensive and continuing program of urban development which will make available housing and services at affordable cost

Answer 15

b. To slow down rural-to-urban movement by means of migration control and population management

Question 16

According to Dr. Garrett Hardin, in an open access regime without defined property rights, individuals enjoy free unlimited access to natural resources and right to use without exclusion; each individual is motivated to maximize his or her own benefit from exploiting the resource. When no individual has adequate incentive to conserve the public resource, the resource will likely become overused and overexploited.

a. The Stewardship of Nature
b. Communitarian Paradox
c. Fencesitter’s Dilemma
d. Tragedy of the Commons

Answer 16

d. Tragedy of the Commons

Question 17

Related to Thomas Malthus’ concept of ‘k’ as the population size constrained by whatever resource is in shortest supply, this principle refers to “the maximum population of a given species that can be supported indefinitely in a defined habitat without causing negative impacts that permanently impair the productivity of that same habitat.”

a. Limits to growth
b. Tipping point
c. Range and threshold
d. Carrying capacity

Answer 17

d. Carrying capacity

Question 18

In general, this refers to the characteristic of a process or state that can be maintained at a certain level indefinitely; in particular, it refers to the potential longevity of ecological systems to support humankind and other species.
a. Resilience
b. Endurance
c. Sustainability
d. Perpetuity
e. Durability

Answer 18

c. Sustainability

Question 19

Which basic principle of ‘Sustainable Development’ means responsibility and accountability to future populations?
a. Common Heritage of Humankind
b. Inter-generational Equity
c. Caring Capacity
d. Parity of Compeers

Answer 19

b. Inter-generational Equity

Question 20

This type of planning has also been called ‘synoptic,’ ‘static’, ‘normative,’ and ‘Utopian’, because it assumes a prior that professional planners have the intelligence, noble intentions and expertise to synthesize extensive data, analyze a relatively predictable world, and decide rightly on crucial questions, of broader public interest.
a. Equity or activist or advocacy planning
b. Strategic Planning
c. Traditional planning or command planning or imperative planning
d. Rational-Comparative Planning

Answer 20

d. Rational-Comparative Planning

Question 21

The concepts of “input-throughput–output-feedback” come from what school of planning?

a. Communicative Planning
b. Liberal Pluralistic Planning
c. Incremental Planning
d. Systems Theory of Planning

Answer 21

d. Systems Theory of Planning

Question 22

The main contribution of Norbert Weiner’s ‘Cybernetics’ to the Systems Theory of planning is the principle that planning should be
a. Cyclical. Iterative, and self-correcting
b. Free-wheeling and open-ended c. Wide-ranging and exhaustive
d. Rigorous, exact, and mathematical

Answer 22

a. Cyclical. Iterative, and self-correcting

Question 23

Under the Systems Theory of Planning by George Chadwick and Alan Wilson, under which stage do policy-makers or decisionmakers make a firm resolve to pursue a specific course of action?
a. System Description
b. System Modeling
c. System Projection
d. System Synthesis
e. System Control

Answer 23

d. System Synthesis

Question 24

Allocative’ or ‘regulatory’ or ‘policy planning’ in the tradition of Herbert Gans and TJ Kent is concerned with solving chronic problems of society by allocating resources efficiently and enacting laws, rules and standards. It is therefore closest to which planning approach?
a. Rational-comprehensive
b. Traditional or command planning
c. Strategic planning
d. Communicative planning

Answer 24

a. Rational-comprehensive

Question 25

Which principle of Strategic Planning rallies the organization and unifies its members around a common purpose?
a. Solve major issues at macro level.
b. Avoid excessive inward and short-term thinking
c. Be visionary to convey a desired end-state but be flexible enough to allow and to accommodate changes. d. Engage stakeholders to pull together behind a single game plan for execution.
e. Establish priorities on what will be accomplished in the future.
f. Communicate to everyone what is most important.

Answer 25

d. Engage stakeholders to pull together behind a single game plan for execution

Question 26

In the “Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats” tool as popularized by exponents of Strategic Planning, the elements, aspects or characteristics that need to be reinforced, are enumerated under which quadrant?
a. ‘S’
b. ‘W’
c. ‘O’
d. ‘T’

Answer 26

A. Strength

Question 27

Which is a significant accomplishment of “Advocacy Planning” movement as fathered by Paul Davidoff (1965)? a. Single women with children were assisted to find employment.
b. Social planning was moved from ‘backroom negotiations’ into the open public forum.
c. Documentation of long-lasting environmental changes was intensified.
d. Affirmative action and social amelioration were mainstreamed into national policy.
e. Businesses were compelled to draw their employees from the ranks of the poor.

Answer 27

B.Social planning was moved from ‘backroom negotiations’ into the open public forum.

Question 28

A member of the advocacy/activist/equity school of planning, this planner wrote the classic “Eight policies, Rungs in the Ladder Citizen Participation” which describes the varying degrees of people’s involvement in policies, plans, and programs.
a. Ralph Nader
b. Susan S. Fainstein
c. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
d. Sherry Arnstein

Answer 28

D. Sherry Arstein

Question 29

For his grid-iron design of ancient Greek settlements such as Priene, Piraeus and Rhodes, he is acknowledged as the Father of Town Planning in Western Civilization. a. Vitruvius of Rome
b. Ptolemy
c. Hippodamus of Miletus
d. Appolodorus of Damascus

Answer 29

C. Hippodamus of Miletus

Question 30

Which is a major contribution of classical Greek civilization 700-404 BCE to town planning?
a. Polytheism or pantheon of Greek gods which sanctified all elements of Nature as being animated by divine spirit.
b. The delineation between religious space & secular civic space as separate but complementary spheres in society.
c. The concept of ‘polis’ or (latin) ‘civitas’ which means that only residents of cities can truly be called ‘civilized’.
d. The practice of direct democracy and the notion of citizenship which included women, the poor, slaves, and aliens

Answer 30

b. The delineation between religious space & secular civic space as separate but complementary spheres in society.

Question 31

Built below the Acropolis in the heart of the city-state, the ‘marketplace’ was the site where ancient Greeks came together not only for trading and buying of foodstuffs but also for political, social, and other secular activities.
a. ‘parthenon’
b. ‘gymnasium’
c. ‘erechtheum’
d. ‘agora’
e. ‘sumposion’a

Answer 31

a. ‘parthenon’

Question 32

They were considered the earliest regional planners in history (27 BCE -410 AD) because they planned their cities and settlements with transport network, civil works, utilities, and military defense, foremost in their minds?
a. Macedonian Greeks under Alexander the Great.
b. Romans under the dictatorial Emperors.
c. Persians under Cyrus the Great.
d. Egyptians under Ramses, Thutmoses, and Nefertiti

Answer 32

b. Romans under the dictatorial Emperors.

Question 33

Recognized as ‘father of landscape architecture,’ he also began the ‘Parks and Conservation Movement’ in the United States which advanced the idea that city parks and greenways can structure urban space, stimulate mixed uses, dampen class conflict, heighten family and religious values, and serve as aid to social reform.
a. Frederic Law Olmstead
b. John Muir
c. Gifford Pinchot
d. George Perkins Marsh

Answer 33

a. Frederic Law Olmstead

Question 34

He wrote the famous book “Garden Cities of Tomorrow”(1902) and became a most influential thinker with his effort to combine the best features of ‘country’ as shown in his diagrams of three (3) magnets. a. Sir Frederic Osborn
b. Sir Ebenezer Howard
c. Sir Patrick Leslie Abercrombie
d. Sir Raymond Unwin

Answer 34

b. Sir Ebenezer Howard

Question 35

The Garden City Movement in the United Kingdom directly addressed largescale problems caused by the __?
a. The Scientific Revolution.
b. British-American War of Independence.
c. Industrial Revolution.
d. World War II and the Holocaust.

Answer 35

c. Industrial Revolution.

Question 36

The Garden City Movement shaped the British policy of “urban containment”, with following features, except one:
a. Greenbelts, green girdles, and clear edges for all cities.
b. Mass transit to link ‘mother city’ with ‘garden cities’.
c. Homestead of about one acre per family.
d. Preservation of more farmland & open space.

Answer 36

c. Homestead of about one acre per family.

Question 37

Considered as the “Father of City Planning in America,” he prepared plans for the City of Manila and the City of Baguio from 1903 to 1911 with the assistance of Pierce Andersson. a. John Hay
b. William Howard Taft
c. Robert Kennon
d. Daniel Hudson Burnham
e. Francis B. Harrison

Answer 37

d. Daniel Hudson Burnham

Question 38

“Make no little plans. They have no magic and probably themselves will not be realized. Make big plans; aim high in hope and work, remembering that a noble, logical diagram once recorded will never die … “
a. Leon Battista Alberti
b. Daniel H. Burnham
c. Baron Georges Eugenes Hausmann d. Pierre Charles L’Enfant

Answer 38

b. Daniel H. Burnham

Question 39

“First we shape our buildings; thereafter, our buildings shape us.” This quotation is attributed to
a. Winston Churchill
b. George Washington
c. Theodore Roosevelt
d. Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 39

a. Winston Churchill

Question 40

This was an American movement in the 1890s that stressed the design of settlements according to the principles of “grandeur, exuberance, monumentality, drama and tension, cohesiveness, and symmetry” as demonstrated in the planning of Washington DC, Paris, Chicago, San Francisco, among others:
a. City Beautiful Movement
b. City Functional Movement
c. City Efficient Movement
d. New Towns Movement

Answer 40

a. City Beautiful Movement