General Flashcards
Treatment approach to conditions
MERFUMS
MDT Education Referral Follow up Medical Surgical
The 4 C’s of C.difficile antibiotic-associated diarrhoea
Cephalosporins (esp. 2nd and 3rd gen.)
Co-amoxiclav
Clindamycin
Ciprofloxacin
P450 inducers (drug concentration reduces) - long mnemonic
PC BRAS
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Barbiturates
Rifampicin
Alcohol (chronic excess)
Sulphonylureas
P450 inhibitors (increased drug concentration) - long mnemonic
AODEVICES
Allopurinol Omeprazole Disulfiram Erythromycin Valproate Isoniazid Ciprofloxacin Ethanol Sulphonamides
P450 inhibitors short mnemonic
EFOQ
Eryhthromycin
Fluconazole
Omeprazole
Quinolones
P450 inducers short mnemonic
BCPR
Barbiturate
Carbamezepine
Phenytoin
Rifampicin
Drugs to stop before surgery
I LACK OP
Insulin Lithium Anticoagulants COCP/HRT K-sparing diuretic Oral hypoglycaemics Perindopril
What to review in a prescription
PReSCRIBER
Patient details Reaction (allergy and reaction) Sign in front of chart Contraindications to each drug Route for each drug IV fluids if needed Blood clot prophylaxis anti-Emetic Relief of pain?
Steroid side effects
STEROIDS
Stomach ulcers Thin skin Edema Right and left HF Osteoporosis Infection (candida) Diabetes (hyperglycaemia) Cushing’s Syndrome
NSAIDs side effects
NSAID
No urine (i.e. renal failure) Systolic dysfunction Asthma Indigestion Dyscrasia (clotting abnormality)
The 2 T’s of salbutamol SE’s
TT
Tremor
Tachycardia
Lithium side effects
LITHIUM
Leucocytosis Insipidus (diabetic) Tremor Hypothyroidism Increased weight gain VOmiting Moms beware (teratogenic)
The 4 D’s of hypernatraemia
Dehydration
Drips
Drugs (IV preps with too much Na)
DIabetes insipidus
Hypokalaemia
DIRE
Drugs (loop and thiazide diuretics)
Inadequate intake/intestinal loss
Renal tubular acidosis
Endocrine (Cushing’s/Conn’s)
Hyperkalaemia
DREAD
Drugs (K sparing duiretics, ACEi, heparins, tacrolimus)
Endocrine (addison’s)
Artefact (clotted sample)
DKA
Renal (intrinsic) causes of renal failure
INTRINSIC
- Ischaemic
- Nephrotoxic abx
- > Gentamicin, vancomycin, tetracyclines
- Tablets (ACEis, NSAIDS)
- Radiological contrast
- Injury (rhabdo)
- Negatively birefringent crystals (gout)
- Syndromes (glomerulonephritides)
- Inflammation (vasculitis)
- Cholesterol emboli
Raised ALP (= alkaline phosphatase)
ALKPHOS
Any fracture Liver damage K for Kancer Paget’s disease HyperPTH Osteomalacia Surgery
Risk factors for breast cancer
BOOBYS
Bleeding: early menarche, late menopause Oestrogen: OCP Other breast disease Breast feeding Young: first child at young age Sisters: FHx
Analysing a chest X-ray
PRIM ABCDE
Projection: (PA - normal or AP - heart will appear larger)
Rotation: distance between spinous processes and clavicles is equal
Inspiration: 7th anterior rib transects the diaphragm)
Markings: any abnormalities noted by radiographer
Airways
Breath fields
Cardiac
Diaphragm
Extras
Post surgical management of patients
FLAT NEWT
Fluid + NBM + NG tube Lung - early expansion, exercise (atelectesis) Analgesia + anti-emetics + abx Tubes - early removal (catheters, drains) Nutrition - oral asap Embolism - (TEDs and LMWH) Walk - mobilisation Toilet - bowels
Analysing an AXR
Gases, Masses, Stones, Bones
7 C’s of post-op pyrexia
Catheter CVP line Cannula Chest infection Collection Cut Calves (DVT)
Daily requirement of electrolytes, Na, K+, etc
1 mmol/kg/day
