General

Question 1

IV bioavailability?

Answer 1

100%

Question 2

Phase I in biotransformation include..
Phase II include..

Answer 2

-oxidation-reduction-hydrolysis.
-conjunction.

Question 3

Compare between drugs affecting Microsomal enzyme activity?

Answer 3

Hepatic inducers | inhibitors
A.⬆️ metabolism of drugs ⬆️ own metabolism eg.androgen🚹 -smoking🚭-coffee☕️ -tea🫖 -phenytoin🤯 -phenobarbitone🤯-rifampicin🤧💪
*patients receiving these drugs require higher doses of drug(warfarin) to aquire a therapeutic effect.
B.⬇️….⬇️…. eg. Estrogen🚺-sulphonamides-grape fruit🍊-omeprazole🤢-chloramphenicol🤧💪-erythromycin🤧💪-quinolones🤧💪-ketoconazole🚫🍄
*these drugs can make other drugs(theophylline) high toxic.

Question 4

Conjugated drugs become inactive except if…

Answer 4

Morphine conjugated with glucuronide at carbon 6.

Question 5

Types of receptors of drugs?💊
NGL K

Answer 5

▪️Nuclear (Intracellular) 🔘: steroid,thyroid hormones - Vitamin D
▪️G-protein-coupled 🧑‍🤝‍🧑: muscarinic receptors - adrenoceptors
▪️Ligand-gated ion🛖: nicotinic receptors - GABA receptors
▪️kinase-linked and related 🫐 : insulin receptors- growth factors receptors

Question 6

A.the ability of the drug to fit onto the receptors.
B. The doses of drugs required to produce certain effects.
C.the ability of D-R complex to evoke a response.
D.the relative ability of drugs to produce maximal response.
Define:

Answer 6

A. affinity💞
B. Potency 💩
C. Intrinsic activity 🤯
D. Efficacy ❤️‍🔥

Question 7

Compare between/
1.Supersensitivity
2.Hypersensitivity
3.Idiosyncrasy

Answer 7

1. (Intolerance) exaggerated effects to small dose due to ⬇️ elimination of drug | up-regulation of receptors 🤢
2. Abnormal response to drug due to Ag/Ab reaction 😰
3. Abnormal response to drugs due to genetic abnormality😫

Question 8

Cytotoxic effects of the drugs on the heart , liver , kidney , bone marrow

Answer 8

Heart ➡️ halothane
Liver➡️ paracetamol
Kidney➡️ phenacetin
Bone marrow➡️ chloramphenicol
Nerves➡️ streptomycin

Question 9

Characteristics of acquired tolerance of the drugs?

Answer 9

-Revesible (regain sensitivity after stopping)🔃
- irreversible (no tolerance to cocaine or digitalis)🔀
- same toxic dose but affect therapeutic dose ⚠️💱
-Not affect all actions (morphine affect on analgesia but not to miosis)😶